The most important thing note in this topic is the use of ‘and’ in a list or series parallelism case as this.

There are two effects of the manifestations i.e. 1. The rise 2. The victory. Both are two independedrt factors and each has to maintain its norms of list //ism. The rise has four arms, namely the Wahabis, the Sansui, the Fulani and then the fourth and the last one the Mahdi, which has to be conjugated with “a comma + and ”. If you closely watch, only E uses “the comma and the and” after the Fulani in Nigeria and that is the reason it is the answer.

The second factor ‘the victory’ is an independent one, and after all a rise is different from a victory and it has to be again separated by ‘an and’

_________________

Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica. the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and the victory of the Usuli "mujtahids" in Shiite Iran and Iraq.

(A) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and - not parallel

(B) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and also - not parallel

(C) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and - not parallel

(D) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and - not parallel

(E) In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in - correct

NOTE (to the original poster) : when u put the question kindly put a gap between the choices else it is difficult to read the options

E it is : In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in

faults:

A. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and----->lack of parallelism
B. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and also-----> lack of parallelism + redundancy
C. In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and-------> lack of parallelism
D. In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and----->lack of parallelism + redundancy
E. In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in------>correct

Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the
Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica. the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and the
victory of the Usuli "mujtahids" in Shiite Iran and Iraq.

(A) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the
Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
Incorrect. False paralellism. "the victory of" is not parallel to the islamic groups (Wahhabis, Sanusi, and so on).
(B) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were shown in the
rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan,
and also
Incorrect. False paralellism. "the victory of" is not parallel to the islamic groups (Wahhabis, Sanusi, and so on).
(C) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the
Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
Incorrect. False paralellism. "the victory of" is not parallel to the islamic groups (Wahhabis, Sanusi, and so on).
(D) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were shown in the
rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan,
and
Incorrect. False paralellism. "the victory of" is not parallel to the islamic groups (Wahhabis, Sanusi, and so on).
(E) In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the
Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in
Correct. "militancy was manifested in the rise of X and in the victory of Y"

very difficult and complex sentence.
the sentence tells us about the first period of religious reformism (islamic).
during this period, the Islamic political militancy was manifested:
1. in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan
2. and in the victory of the Usuli "mujtahids" in Shiite Iran and Iraq.

the first entity of the list, subsequently, has 3 elements:
rise of
1. the Wahhabis in Arabia
2. the Sanusi in Cyrenaica
3. and the Mahdi in the Sudan


A. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
the list of the first element is not properly connected.
and should be before the mahdi in the sudan
it is very difficult to understand the meaning from this choice.
manifestation were the rise and the victory? it doesn't make sense.


B. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and also
same error as in A. list is not properly connected.
and also is redundant.
same meaning error as in A.

C. In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
similar to A, but changes the place of the modifier "in the first period of religious reformism".
same error as in A and B
meaning error.

D. In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
list not properly connected.
changes meaning

E. In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in
the entities of the list are properly connected
now the sentence has a clear meaning
the entities of the "big" list are parallel: manifested in the rise, and manifested in the victory.

E, the best choice, uses parallel phrases for the two major coordinate members (in the rise of... and in the
victory of ...) and also for the series listed in the first of these (s in t, u in v, w in x, and y in z). E's placement of
the In... reformism phrase at the beginning of the sentence is direct and efficient. Choices A, B, C, and D omit
and before the Mahdi, the last element in the first series; thus, they incorrectly merge the second major member
(the victory of) into the series listed under the first member (the rise of). Furthermore, in A and B the in...
reformism phrase has been awkwardly set between the subject and verb of the sentence.
_________________

Both are acceptable. As per the once out, twice in thumb-rule, the structures are as follows:

1. in (X) and (Y). ... "in" is outside the structure, and hence covers both the elements X and Y.
2. (in X) and (in Y)... "in" is inside the structure.

Compare the above with the following:
1. in not only X, but also Y. "in" is outside the structure, and hence covers both the elements X and Y.
2. not only in X, but also in Y. "in" is inside the structure.

Since the starting point of "and" parallel structure is not defined, it really does not matter whether "in" is used once or twice. However for the latter case ("not only.. but also"), the starting point is defined. Hence it would be wrong to say "not only in X,but also Y".

There is a list and a sublist in the sentence:

Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were A and B.

A - the rise of Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica. the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, - Sublist. (It should have its own "and" to show that the sublist has ended)

and

B - the victory of the Usuli "mujtahids" in Shiite Iran and Iraq

Only option (E) corrects this problem.

In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested

in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan,
and
in the victory of the Usuli "mujtahids" in Shiite Iran and Iraq.
_________________

Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and the victory of the Usuli “mujtahids” in Shiite Iran and Iraq.

Manifestations were the rise??
,And indicates a list. Other elements are proper nouns and then we have “victory”
Not logically parallel
A. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and

B. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and also

Incorrect: rise of A,B,C, D and also victory of Y
Should be rise of A,B,C, and D and also victory of Y

C. In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
Manifestations were the rise
Same error as B

D. In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
Same error as B

E. In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in

in rise of A,B,C, and D and in victory of Y – parallel
correct
_________________

Hello from the GMAT Club VerbalBot!

Thanks to another GMAT Club member, I have just discovered this valuable topic, yet it had no discussion for over a year. I am now bumping it up - doing my job. I think you may find it valuable (esp those replies with Kudos).

Want to see all other topics I dig out? Follow me (click follow button on profile). You will receive a summary of all topics I bump in your profile area as well as via email.
_________________