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Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to

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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2017, 10:05
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arvind910619 wrote:
JCLEONES wrote:
Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money,
with their objectives being to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government.
A. to borrow money, with their objectives being to protect.
B. to borrow money, the objectives of which are the protecting of
C. to borrow money, limitations intended to protect.
D. for borrowing money, of which the objective is protecting.
E. for borrowing money, limitations with the intent of protecting.


A use of prepositional is wrong as it does not convey the intended meaning .
Moreover the use of " being is incorrect "
B Use of " which " is wrong and we have to use noun form of a word so " protecting " is wrong .
C correct as the second clause gives us extra information regarding the limitations .
D use for is not correct ," to borrow " is idiomatically correct
E same error and again use of with is wrong .



Hello arvind910619,

You have done a great job in solving this one. Keep up the goo work. :-)


I would just like to add my two cents to your analysis of the correct answer choice C.

arvind910619 wrote:
C correct as the second clause gives us extra information regarding the limitations .


Well, in choice C, limitations intended to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government is not a clause. If it were a clause, then the structure of the sentence would become ungrammatical because then the comma would be joining two independent clauses.

The structure limitations intended to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government is a Noun + Noun Modifier in which limitations = Noun and intended to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government = Noun Modifier as intended to protect..., the verb-ed modifier, modifies the preceding noun limitations.

This Noun + Noun Modifier modifies or/and describes limitations, a noun entity in the preceding clause.

For more details, correct usages, and official examples, please review this article on the following link:
https://gmatclub.com/forum/noun-noun-modifiers-the-most-versatile-modifier-137292.html


Hope this helps. :-)
Thanks.
Shraddha
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2017, 10:38
egmat wrote:
arvind910619 wrote:
JCLEONES wrote:
Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money,
with their objectives being to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government.
A. to borrow money, with their objectives being to protect.
B. to borrow money, the objectives of which are the protecting of
C. to borrow money, limitations intended to protect.
D. for borrowing money, of which the objective is protecting.
E. for borrowing money, limitations with the intent of protecting.


A use of prepositional is wrong as it does not convey the intended meaning .
Moreover the use of " being is incorrect "
B Use of " which " is wrong and we have to use noun form of a word so " protecting " is wrong .
C correct as the second clause gives us extra information regarding the limitations .
D use for is not correct ," to borrow " is idiomatically correct
E same error and again use of with is wrong .





Hello arvind910619,

You have done a great job in solving this one. Keep up the goo work. :-)


I would just like to add my two cents to your analysis of the correct answer choice C.

arvind910619 wrote:
C correct as the second clause gives us extra information regarding the limitations .


Well, in choice C, limitations intended to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government is not a clause. If it were a clause, then the structure of the sentence would become ungrammatical because then the comma would be joining two independent clauses.

The structure limitations intended to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government is a Noun + Noun Modifier in which limitations = Noun and intended to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government = Noun Modifier as intended to protect..., the verb-ed modifier, modifies the preceding noun limitations.

This Noun + Noun Modifier modifies or/and describes limitations, a noun entity in the preceding clause.

For more details, correct usages, and official examples, please review this article on the following link:
https://gmatclub.com/forum/noun-noun-modifiers-the-most-versatile-modifier-137292.html


Hope this helps. :-)
Thanks.
Shraddha


Hi Shraddha,

Thanks for the valuable input .
Now this Noun + Noun modifier is very clear to me .

Could you please explain absolute modifiers and appositives and difference between them .

Regards,
Arvind
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   27 Jul 2017, 11:12
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arvind910619 wrote:

Hi Shraddha,

Thanks for the valuable input .
Now this Noun + Noun modifier is very clear to me .

Could you please explain absolute modifiers and appositives and difference between them .

Regards,
Arvind



Hello arvind910619,


Thank you for the query. :-)

Let me begin my response by a confession. I am super bad with jargon. So before replying to you, I had to Google about "appositives" and "absolute" phrases.

I am sure there may be many others like me who have tough time dealing with such heavy grammatical jargon.

So for the sake of simplicity and easy retention, we have just term for these "appositives" and "absolute" phrases - Noun + Noun Modifier.

If you go through the article the link of which I have provided in my previous response, you will find that Noun + Noun Modifiers can modify either a particular noun in the preceding clause to the entire preceding clause (essentially the preceding action).

So when the Noun + Noun Modifier modifies a particular noun in the preceding clause, then it is called an appositive phrase.

When the Noun + Noun Modifier modifies the preceding clause, then it is called an absolute phrase.

But at e-GMAT, we need not worry about "appositives" and "absolute" phrases because Noun + Noun Modifier is enough to help us solve any SC problem without having to remember these jargon.

I did the sane while solving this particular official sentence and responding to you.

Hope this helps. :-)
Thanks.
Shraddha
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Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   09 Aug 2017, 06:23
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Can anybody please distinguish between the split to borrow money vs for borrowing money.

I was stuck between choice C and E. Finally went with E.
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   08 Sep 2017, 03:44
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RMD007 wrote:
Requesting experts reply on this.

Can anybody please distinguish between the split to borrow money vs for borrowing money.

I was stuck between choice C and E. Finally went with E.


The best way to get an SC correct is to realize that there will always be more than one split between any two answer choices. So, if you can't decide on one split, look for other split.
Work on the other split between C and E - "limitations intended to.." vs "limitations with the intent...".
"with X" generally signify possession, so how can "limitation" posses "intent of protecting". And you are done...

Cheers !!
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   28 Sep 2017, 02:39
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RMD007 "For" vs. "to" in this sentence is just a matter of idiom. You can have "authority to do X," but not "authority for doing X."
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   14 Jan 2019, 16:01
after comma, "limitations intended ..." what kind of contruction is this? Can I say like: "I watched a movie by Tarantinp, film depicts the intriguing relations of 80s.." ?
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   14 Jan 2019, 17:39
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JCLEONES wrote:
Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money, with their objectives being to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government.

(A) to borrow money, with their objectives being to protect

(B) to borrow money, the objectives of which are the protecting of

(C) to borrow money, limitations intended to protect

(D) for borrowing money, of which the objective is protecting

(E) for borrowing money, limitations with the intent of protecting

faltan wrote:
after comma, "limitations intended ..." what kind of contruction is this? Can I say like: "I watched a movie by Tarantinp, film depicts the intriguing relations of 80s.." ?

faltan , here is the whole sentence into which option C has been inserted:

Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money, limitations intended to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government.

That construction is called a RESUMPTIVE MODIFIER.
To resume means to restart, to recommence, or "to return to the use of." After she ate dinner she resumed her studies. (She studied again.)

A resumptive modifier repeats a key word in the main clause and then adds details to that word.

Resumptive modifiers emphasize the word and usually the end of the sentence.
In this case, the writer wants to emphasize the ostensibly good reasons that underlie limitations on the legislature's authority to borrow money.

If I change your example just a bit, a resumptive modifier would make the sentence look this way:

[Determined to ingest more cultural history,] I watched a few films by Tarantino, films that depict the intriguing relations of 80s.
The intro in brackets is not necessary, but I inserted it in order to use the resumptive modifier emphatically.

A resumptive modifier restates and elaborates on a word to emphasize it.
You do not need to know the terminology. Recognizing that the structure is allowed is enough for the test. Hope that helps.
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   26 Apr 2019, 12:33
daagh wrote:
matt882

1. I couldn't quite get your idea. How can a choice be grammatically incorrect and still the most correct?
2. Which is the independent clause that is separated by a comma? As far as I see, there is only a resumptive modifier (a sort of an appositive) that modifies another noun in the previous part.




hello, I have a question, if the "limitations" is a sort of an appositive, how can it modifer "money "? Because I think an appositive need to modifier the word next to it. Please help me figure it out :blushing
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   26 Apr 2019, 22:46
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layla2019 wrote:
hello, I have a question, if the "limitations" is a sort of an appositive, how can it modifer "money "? Because I think an appositive need to modifier the word next to it. Please help me figure it out :blushing
Limitations is not modifying money. Take a look at the following sentence, for example:

He signed the contract that was presented to him, a contract that would take away many of his rights.

Here the second contract is just used for emphasis. It refers to the first contract, not to him.
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   19 May 2019, 07:31
can someone please explain to me why C is correct? The reason why I eliminated C is because the part of the sentence after the comma is not a complete sentence. Is my reasoning appropriate?
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   19 May 2019, 08:05
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amegupte0410 wrote:
can someone please explain to me why C is correct? The reason why I eliminated C is because the part of the sentence after the comma is not a complete sentence. Is my reasoning appropriate?

Hi amegupte0410, the part of the sentence after the comma is called an absolute phrase: Noun (limitations) + Noun modifier (intended to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government).

p.s. Our book EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana discusses Absolute Phrases, their application and examples in significant detail. If you or someone is interested, PM me your email-id; I can mail the corresponding section.
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   03 Aug 2019, 16:14
Hello,

I have a problem in understanding the meaning of the sentence here. Down to C and E. I chose E reason below.

Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money, with their objectives being to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government.

(C) to borrow money, limitations intended to protect

States impose limitations to borrow money. So the "purpose or intent" should be denoted here.
But, I felt it is logical for states to impose limitations in order to borrow money.

(E) for borrowing money, limitations with the intent of protecting
What for states imposed limitations? For borrowing money
This seemed slightly better than above. Second part - I did not find any major error here for me to eliminate it.
So chose E on PoE.

GMATNinjaTwo egmat GMATNinja - Please help.
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   03 Dec 2019, 12:04
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shruthiarvindh wrote:
Hello,

I have a problem in understanding the meaning of the sentence here. Down to C and E. I chose E reason below.

Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money, with their objectives being to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government.

(C) to borrow money, limitations intended to protect

States impose limitations to borrow money. So the "purpose or intent" should be denoted here.
But, I felt it is logical for states to impose limitations in order to borrow money.

(E) for borrowing money, limitations with the intent of protecting
What for states imposed limitations? For borrowing money
This seemed slightly better than above. Second part - I did not find any major error here for me to eliminate it.
So chose E on PoE.

GMATNinjaTwo egmat GMATNinja - Please help.

I apologize for joining the party so late!

Let's start with choice (C):
Quote:
(C) Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money, limitations intended to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government.

Ignoring the modifier "of the legislature", we have, "... limitations on the authority to borrow money...". The phrase "to borrow money" modifies "authority", NOT the verb "impose". What kind of authority? The authority to borrow money. This is similar to the following examples:

  • "You have the right to remain silent." - What kind of right? The right to remain silent.
  • "I have a tendency to eat sweets after dinner." - What kind of tendency? The tendency to eat sweets.

The phrase "to borrow money" is NOT there to tell us the purpose or intent of imposing limitations. Instead, it is there to modify "authority", and that usage is totally fine.

Quote:
(E) Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature for borrowing money, limitations with the intent of protecting taxpayers and the credit of the state government.

In choice (E), it seems like the "intentions" themselves are a conscious entity -- one that is motivated by a desire to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government. But "limitations" themselves do not have "intent".

The correct meaning is clearer in choice (C): the limitations are meant to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government.

Also, you can have the authority TO DO something, not the authority FOR DOING something:

  • "The mall security guard has the authority to arrest shoplifters." - Correct idiom.
  • "The mall security guard has the authority for arresting shoplifters." - Incorrect idiom.

(C) is the better choice!
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   10 Oct 2020, 08:36
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samgyupsal wrote:
Hello experts!

What is "the credit of the state government" parallel to? Shouldn't there be another noun with an article it is parallel to, given the parallelism trigger word - "and"?


Hi Sam

The "credit" of the state government, which implies the credit standing or the credit rating of the state government, is one of the things which are being "protected" by the "limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money". The other item being protected by these limitations, and hence part of the list, are the taxpayers.

Hence, "credit" is parallel to "taxpayers".

Hope this clarifies.
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   17 Nov 2020, 04:08
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Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money, with their objectives being to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government.

(A) to borrow money, with their objectives being to protect There is only one objective - "to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state". Eliminate.

(B) to borrow money, the objectives of which are the protecting of What noun "which" refers to is not clear. Eliminate.

(C) to borrow money, limitations intended to protect Correct answer.

(D) for borrowing money, of which the objective is protecting "authority for..." is idiomatically incorrect. The correct usage is "authority to...". What "which" refers to is unclear. Eliminate.

(E) for borrowing money, limitations with the intent of protecting Same idiomatic error as (D). Eliminate.

Hope this helps.
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   03 Feb 2021, 14:03
Would b be correct if "of which" was excluded, or is there more mistakes in b?
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   03 Feb 2021, 23:32
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HansJK wrote:
Would b be correct if "of which" was excluded, or is there more mistakes in b?

If of which is excluded in B, it would be a run-on sentence and hence wrong - following two Independent clauses connected by just a comma:

i) Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money
ii) the objectives are the protecting of taxpayers and the credit of the state government

p.s. Our book EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana discusses run-on construct, its application and examples in significant detail. If you or someone is interested, PM me your email-id; I can mail the corresponding section.
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   20 Feb 2021, 06:44
GMATNinja egmat

Can you please explain to me the structure of the correct sentence (optionC)?

to borrow money, limitations intended to protect

What structure is this (limitations intended to protect)?
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Re: Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to [#permalink] New post   28 Feb 2021, 18:43
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swadhakamal

Here's the correct sentence with C inserted:

Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money, limitations intended to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government.

Sometimes we want to add a modifier to a noun that has already been modified. In this case, we want to say more about the limitations imposed by states, but the noun "limitations" is already followed by a lengthy modifier, so if we add "intended" or "with the intent," it may not be clear what part of the sentence we are trying to modify. In real life, we'd probably just start a new sentence: "These limitations are intended . . . " However, SC restricts us to just one sentence. The solution? Reintroduce the noun we want to modify. The noun will usually be set off by a comma or a dash. This can also be done when the noun we want to modify has never actually been stated. Here are a few examples:

I spent some time rereading the books I loved as a child--books I hadn't seen in many years.
The change of plans led to my spending five hours on a plane next to my future father-in-law, a situation that became increasingly uncomfortable.
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