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Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally

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Aditi10
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Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   Updated on: 15 Apr 2024, 13:02
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Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally aimed exclusively at the construction of thinking machines, that is, computer systems with human like general intelligence. But the difficulty of this goal of general AI has led researchers to shift their focus to producing narrow AI systems: software displaying intelligence regarding specific tasks in relatively narrow domains such as chess. The problem is, narrow AI and general AI are fundamentally and entirely different pursuits. If modeling general intelligence is the objective, Al researchers must redirect themselves toward the original goals of the field and confront the more difficult issues of human-like intelligence.

Professor B: Narrow AI work is producing real results today, such as chess-playing programs that can defeat any human, programs that translate speech to text, and programs that can drive automated vehicles. Achievements in this field will continue to flow, and eventually narrow AI will lead to the creation of systems with general intelligence.

On the basis of the given information, select a claim that Professor A would most likely disagree with, and select a claim that Professor B would most likely disagree with. Select only two claims, one in each column.­
Professor A
disagrees 		Professor B
disagrees
The creation of computer systems that display human-like general intelligence is an important goal.
The creation of systems that display intelligence regarding specific tasks is an especially important step toward the creation of systems with general intelligence.
Systems with general intelligence are more difficult to create than are systems with narrow intelligence.
Research in the narrow Al field is not likely to lead to significant breakthroughs in the general Al field.
The original aim of AI research was to create systems with general intelligence.
The research into narrow AI is not producing results that real people can benefit from today.
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Professor A
disagrees: The creation of systems that display intelligence regarding specific tasks is an especially important step toward the creation of systems with general intelligence. Professor B
disagrees: Research in the narrow Al field is not likely to lead to significant breakthroughs in the general Al field.

Originally posted by Aditi10 on 24 Jun 2018, 05:45.
Last edited by Bunuel on 15 Apr 2024, 13:02, edited 10 times in total.
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   04 Apr 2021, 22:34
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jabhatta2 wrote:
VeritasKarishma GMATNinja - this is really a CR question in the IR format (but it's still a CR question)

For the 2nd column - i chose option F because professor B clearly said :

AI work is producing real results today, such as chess-playing programs that can defeat any human, programs that translate speech to text, and programs that can drive automated vehicles.

These programs that can drive automated vehicles / programs that translate speech / chess programs that can defeat any human -- all help real people (it not too much of stretch to think that a program that can drive automated vehicles will help people, I don't think )

Hence why not option F for the 2nd column.


"People" and whether "AI benefits people" is out of scope of the argument.

Professor B says
"Narrow AI work is producing real results today, such as chess-playing programs that can defeat any human, programs that translate speech to text, and programs that can drive automated vehicles.

This means that work in AI field has shown results - there are chess playing programs, programs that can translate speech to text and programs that can drive vehicles.
Are these programs benefitting people today? We don't know. Have they been commercialised? Are people finding them beneficial, we don't know. Are they even meant to benefit people, we don't know. All we know is that research in the field has shown results in the form of programs that are capable of performing these tasks.
Hence, we can say nothing about what the Professors feel about the 6th statement.
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   24 Jun 2018, 19:21
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E is incorrect because the research on narrow AI may or may not benefit real people, but the research may be passively supporting general AI. If you select E, you are strengthening/agreeing to Prof. B

Aditi10 wrote:
This is more of a CR question but I got it in my GMAT prep pack.
Please see image attached, which has OA too.

I had chosen "The research into narrow AI is not producing results that real people can benefit from today." against Professor B disagrees. Is this incorrect because the results listed in the question stem are arguably not for "real people"?
Experts. please help.

Thanks.
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   24 Jun 2018, 22:49
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Aditi10

Professor B didn't said anything about welfare of people.So it can't be the answer.

Such questions reasoning resonates with the idea from general thing to specific example to specific example to general thing .
In OG you can find a lot of question on this concept.
so coming back to question .
Professor A : against of general to specific .
Professor B : support specific example to general thing.
For solution just reverse their analogy and you can have your answer.
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   15 Oct 2019, 09:28
Professor A Disagrees with the point B in the list : The creation of systems that display intelligence regarding specific tasks is an especially important step toward the creation of systems with general
intelligence.

Since for the Prof A general AI & narrow AI are two altogether different pursuits so anything which is coming from the narrow AI background does not suits Prof A

Professor B Disagrees with the point D in the list: Research in the narrow AI field is not likely to lead to significant breakthroughs in the general AI field.

Since Prof B is saying that research in narrow AI will ultimately lead to the development in the areas of general AI. In short both of these concepts are inter linked

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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   24 May 2020, 14:26
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I have a problem with the second column; the answer is out of the following IMO:

:- Research in the narrow AI field is not likely to lead to significant breakthroughs in the general AI field.

:-The research into narrow AI is not producing results that real people can benefit from today.

When in the stem does it talk about significant breakthroughs. Narrow AI could lead to small developments in the general AI field. You are inferring that the stem says significant.

And yes, you may also be doing some 'inferring' with the second statement. The statement talks about real people. But when does narrow AI do anything but benefit real people?! Chess, programs that translate speech to text, programs that can drive automated vehicles, all of these benefit real people. I feel as if this is even less of an inference step to make than the first (IMO).

Help would be appreciated.
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   26 Jun 2020, 04:38
(E) is more likely to be true.

'Significant breakthrough' is a bit extreme. There is nothing to suggest of the sort in the original para. It only says 'eventually narrow AI will lead to the creation of systems with general intelligence'. This 'eventually' can be through significant or unsignificant breakthroughs.

But the examples 'such as chess-playing programs that can defeat any human, programs that translate speech to text, and programs that can drive automated vehicles', all benefit 'real people'.

Expert opinion ?
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   08 Jul 2020, 17:45
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Cellchat wrote:
I have a problem with the second column; the answer is out of the following IMO:

:- Research in the narrow AI field is not likely to lead to significant breakthroughs in the general AI field.

:-The research into narrow AI is not producing results that real people can benefit from today.

When in the stem does it talk about significant breakthroughs. Narrow AI could lead to small developments in the general AI field. You are inferring that the stem says significant.

And yes, you may also be doing some 'inferring' with the second statement. The statement talks about real people. But when does narrow AI do anything but benefit real people?! Chess, programs that translate speech to text, programs that can drive automated vehicles, all of these benefit real people. I feel as if this is even less of an inference step to make than the first (IMO).

Help would be appreciated.


I also had the last one for proffessor B.
Now I realize that the prompt never talks about real people nor people, but about "real results", therefore we can't assume that narrow AI is actually beneffiting real people.
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   30 Mar 2021, 21:33
For Prof. B., it is certainly ominous that the last choice is not marked as correct. The examples that he/she sites clearly reflect some of the benefits of narrow AI so E is contradictory...
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   04 Apr 2021, 13:52
VeritasKarishma GMATNinja - this is really a CR question in the IR format (but it's still a CR question)

For the 2nd column - i chose option F because professor B clearly said :

AI work is producing real results today, such as chess-playing programs that can defeat any human, programs that translate speech to text, and programs that can drive automated vehicles.

These programs that can drive automated vehicles / programs that translate speech / chess programs that can defeat any human -- all help real people (it not too much of stretch to think that a program that can drive automated vehicles will help people, I don't think )

Hence why not option F for the 2nd column.
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   06 Apr 2021, 09:08
Hi VeritasKarishma GMATNinja - The answer is option D for the 2nd column

Playing devil's advocate, where in the stem does professor B talk about significant breakthroughs going to happen ? The word "significant breakthrough" seems to be too strong in light of what professor B actually stated.

All professor B stated was "..... Achievements in narrow AI will continue to flow, and eventually narrow AI will lead to the creation of systems with general intelligence."


Significant breakthroughs may or may not happen this way. If anything, if you keep building off of the past achievements -- if anything : the chances of significant breakthroughs are small. Significant breakthroughs may or may be noticed along the way if you build off of past achievements

So how can one selection option D for sure when Significant breakthroughs may or may not happen this way - we cannot be sure
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   06 Apr 2021, 22:15
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jabhatta2 wrote:
Hi VeritasKarishma GMATNinja - The answer is option D for the 2nd column

Playing devil's advocate, where in the stem does professor B talk about significant breakthroughs going to happen ? The word "significant breakthrough" seems to be too strong in light of what professor B actually stated.

All professor B stated was "..... Achievements in narrow AI will continue to flow, and eventually narrow AI will lead to the creation of systems with general intelligence."


Significant breakthroughs may or may not happen this way. If anything, if you keep building off of the past achievements -- if anything : the chances of significant breakthroughs are small. Significant breakthroughs may or may be noticed along the way if you build off of past achievements

So how can one selection option D for sure when Significant breakthroughs may or may not happen this way - we cannot be sure


You are not asked what Professor B said. You are given his views. Now you need to extrapolate them to find what he is likely to disagree with.
He believes that narrow AI research will lead to general intelligence. So he is likely to disagree with "narrow AI will not lead to significant breakthroughs in general intelligence. "
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   07 Apr 2021, 06:15
VeritasKarishma wrote:

You are not asked what Professor B said. You are given his views. Now you need to extrapolate them to find what he is likely to disagree with.
He believes that narrow AI research will lead to general intelligence. So he is likely to disagree with "narrow AI will not lead to significant breakthroughs in general intelligence. "


Hi VeritasKarishma - I am getting confused with the double negative.

Could you go over how to disentangle the double negative knot here ?

How are you so sure that professor B will disagree that NO significant breakthrough will happen
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   07 Apr 2021, 23:59
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jabhatta2 wrote:
VeritasKarishma wrote:

You are not asked what Professor B said. You are given his views. Now you need to extrapolate them to find what he is likely to disagree with.
He believes that narrow AI research will lead to general intelligence. So he is likely to disagree with "narrow AI will not lead to significant breakthroughs in general intelligence. "


Hi VeritasKarishma - I am getting confused with the double negative.

Could you go over how to disentangle the double negative knot here ?

How are you so sure that professor B will disagree that NO significant breakthrough will happen


The following are correct:

Professor B believes that narrow AI will lead to general intelligence.
So he agrees that narrow AI research will lead to breakthrough in general intelligence.
So he disagrees that narrow AI research will not lead to breakthrough in general intelligence.

The double negative cancels out to give us positive.
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   12 Apr 2024, 09:16
"Professor B: Narrow AI work is producing real results today, such as chess-playing programs that can defeat any human, programs that translate speech to text, and programs that can drive automated vehicles."

How on earth would professor b not disagree with: "The research into narrow AI is not producing results that real people can benefit from today."

People don't benefit from text to speech or self driving cars as the professor cites? This question exemplifies that the testmakers are not perfect nor are their questions. It's easy to get mad at them but the takeaway is that you need to think like the testmakers to get even their erroneous questions correct. ­

I understand it says "most likely" disagrees with. I think that for Prof. B they are equally as likely. If someone wants to explain the subtle nuance on why the correct answer choice is more likely I welcome it.­
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Re: Professor A: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was originally [#permalink] New post   15 Apr 2024, 12:23
I seriously don't understand why the last option for Professor B is not correct !
Also the term "significant breakthroughs" is quite an extreme.
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