globaldesi wrote:
Basic sleep theory holds that while humans are awake, memories are encoded into our active memory, a process that can lead to temporary synaptic overuse and which eventually leads to tiredness, and that while they are asleep, those memories are consolidated, a process that includes returning synapses to their original state. The molecular cause of tiredness should, therefore, accumulate throughout the day and slowly disappear during sleep. Protein phosphorylation, the process by which proteins are “activated” for use within the cell by the addition of a phosphate group transferred from a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), maybe this molecular cause. In a recent study, researchers noticed that levels of protein phosphorylation in and around synapses increase during the day while mice are awake and decrease while mice are asleep, suggesting that the hyper-phosphorylation of certain proteins may cause tiredness.
Wang et al. further investigated this hypothesis by comparing the phosphorylation tendencies of regular sleep-deprived mice and of sleep-deprived mice with a single point-mutation in a gene labeled “Sleepy” in order to differentiate between the effects of stress induced by depriving mice of sleep and the effects of natural levels of sleepiness. The Sleepy gene causes sleep frequency and duration to increase, so mice get tired more quickly. Since phosphorylation patterns were consistent between mice with and without the genetic alteration, it is likely that these phosphorylation patterns are indeed at least part of the molecular basis of tiredness.
It can be inferred from the passage that the "Sleepy" geneA. does not occur naturally in mice and is only present when introduced by a scientist.
B. has at least some influence on the extent to which a mouse experiences fatigue.
C. is unrelated to the phosphorylation of protein in mice and other rodents.
D. is more susceptible to mutation than are other genes.
E. decreases the amount of sleep that a mouse requires.
It can be inferred from the passage that protein phosphorylationA. is the primary cause of fatigue in mammals.
B. only occurs when an animal is awake.
C. occurs most frequently when an animal is experiencing stress.
D. occurs less frequently in animals that are nocturnal.
E. takes place in the synapses of the brain.
My explanation-
Cause of tiredness- Accumulation of certain proteins while awake and these same molecules disappear during sleep.
Study conducted-Hyper PP of Certain proteins may cause tiredness.
Further study was conducted to affirm the results.
Between Regular SD mice(depriving mice of sleep) and a mutated "Sleepy" gene mice (natural levels of sleepiness.)
In later case, Mice sleep frequency and duration increases, so they were tired quickly.
BUT, PP patterns were similar in both the types of mice, therefore, PP patterns are somewhere responsible for molecular basis of tiredness.
It can be inferred from the passage that the "Sleepy" geneA. does not occur naturally in mice and is only present when introduced by a scientist.-Done for the experiment but no where is it mentioned that it doesnt occur naturally in mice. False
B. has at least some influence on the extent to which a mouse experiences fatigue-
Correct,, refer the portion "The Sleepy gene
causes sleep frequency and duration to increase, so mice get tired more quickly"
C. is unrelated to the phosphorylation of protein in mice and other rodents-False, it is related to PP
D. is more susceptible to mutation than are other genes-Out of scope, now here it is mentioned!
E. decreases the amount of sleep that a mouse requires-False, increases the amount of sleep!
It can be inferred from the passage that protein phosphorylationA. is the primary cause of fatigue in mammals-False"Primary cause" too strong and is not properly substantiated by passage.
B. only occurs when an animal is awake-False, refer " researchers noticed that levels of protein phosphorylation in and around synapses
increase during the day while mice are awake and decrease while mice are asleep", increase is the word so, only occurs is too strong!
C. occurs most frequently when an animal is experiencing stress -PP is no where directly related to stress in para. False
D. occurs less frequently in animals that are nocturnal.-False, not properly substantiated.
E. takes place in the synapses of the brain.-
Correct refer "researchers noticed that levels of protein phosphorylation
in and around synapses "
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Updated on: 15 Jan 2021, 04:49
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