dave13 wrote:
Surprisingly i chose D BUT i have a doubt in one verb
As far as i know there is difference between verbs Born Vs Borne
We use "
born" in the phrase be born to indicate that a child has entered this crazy world
"Borne" is past participle of verb "bear" i.e. bear, bore, borne - means to tolerate something. I dont get how can this verb be used in the context below (in option D)
gmatbusters you could include "born" vs "borne" into your collection of confusable words
(A) to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of their pregnancies was
( incorrect usage of verb Borne + pronoun "their" ambiguity) (B) to have had children born with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of the pregnancies was
( "either" is missing ) (C) either to have had children with heart defects or miscarriages, without any of their pregnancies being
( pronoun "their" ambiguity )(D) either to have had miscarriages or to have
borne children with heart defects; none of the pregnancies was
(CORRECT SV agreement + "either ... or" ) (E) either to have had miscarriages or children born with heart defects, without any of their pregnancies being
( INCORRECT pronoun "their" ambiguity and many other defects )
generis may be you can enlighten me ?
dave13 - These words are easy to mix up. Native speakers mix up "borne" and "born" in writing quite often.
Quote:
As far as i know there is difference between verbs Born Vs Borne
There is a difference.
Born is an . . . adjective.
Borne is the past participle of "bear."
"To bear" can also mean
to give birth to [a child].
The examples I list are probably better at conveying the distinction than the description of parts of speech.
How each word is used (parts of speech)-- "borne" is the past participle of the verb "to bear"
-- "born" is
(1) very loosely, the "rest" of a verb "to be => born"
(2) formally,
born is an adjective that goes with the linking verb
to be. Born as an adjective describes or renames the subject.
"Born" is simultaneously a
subject complement.
The baby was born today. "Was" is a linking verb.
Born describes the noun
baby.
We can substitute an easier adjective.
The baby was upset. "Upset" is a subject complement and adjective that describes the baby.
Active vs. passiveI will use the terms "active" and "passive" in this sense:
-- "Active": A woman is the person who bears, gives birth to, or has borne a child. She does something.
She performs an act. The verb is transitive; it needs an object. We cannot say "She has borne." We say, "She has borne a child."
-- "Passive": A child who IS born is part of a process in which he is not actively making himself be born. Nature is "acting" upon him.
Passive = TO BE BORN: a child IS BORN
Active = TO BEAR (a child) = a woman HAS BORNE a child
correct, PASSIVE: A child IS
born on a certain day. His birthday is November 18.
correct, ACTIVE: The mother has thus
borne a child on November 18.
If a woman has borne a child . . .
she has given birth to a child. She has "had" a child (very common in the U.S.).
Your pickup is outstanding. I recommend that people read the definition of "bear" and especially the examples in
The Oxford English Dictionary, online and
The Cambridge English Dictionary online.ExamplesYou are correct that
• BORNE is the past participle of BEAR
Additionally
• BORN is an adjective
WRONG: A child is not
borne on November 18.
--
CORRECT: A child is
BORN on November 18.
--
WRONG: A woman has not
born that child on November 18.
--
CORRECT: The woman
has borne (given birth to) that child on November 18.
•
Option A (this analysis will apply to the verb in D that bothers you)
-- Some women
bear children with a doctor and a doula present. [SIMPLE PRESENT - a general case]
-- She
bore two children. [SIMPLE PAST - a woman gave birth to two children.]
-- She is likely to
have borne a child with dimpled cheeks.
[We don't know yet whether the baby has dimpled cheeks. We are on our way to visit the mother and baby.]
-- She is likely to have given birth to a child with dimpled cheeks.
[Same as above. The sentence above simply uses a different verb construction.]
Different issue in A and B: "children with miscarriages" is incorrectOptions A and B involve a different issue.
(A) states "to have borne children
with heart defects or
miscarriages"
-- The preposition
with "distributes" across the objects of the preposition.
--
I have worked in Boston and New York.I have worked
in Boston and
in New York.
Distribute the preposition "with" in A and B (I will "distribute" additional words to make the error clear).
(A) to have
borne children with heart defects or [
children with] miscarriages . . .
(B) to have
had children born with heart defects or [
children born] with miscarriages . .
These phrases are
absurd in meaning: from (A),
children with miscarriages; and from (B),
children born with miscarriages.
Children do not have miscarriages. Children are not born with miscarriages.
Women who are pregnant have or suffer miscarriages.
Hope that helps!