The hypothesis of an expanding Earth has never attracted notable suppo

Answer 1:

(A) overcome deficiencies in current geologic hypotheses

The other geological theory of continental thrift, which was earlier considered as an illusion. the hypothesis that follows here is earlier rejection and then acceptance. so the expansion theory gained some popularity because it's also considered as an assumption, which might prove its validity later, if explored like the continental drift theory.) CORRECT

(B) clarify theories concerning the Earth’s gravitational forces

The mention of gravitational force is suggested to consider the expansion theory validity, not the other way round INCORRECT

(C) complement the theory of continental drift

nope, continental drift and expansion theory are contrasting in nature INCORRECT

(D) accommodate relevant theories from the field of physics

No other theory is taken into consideration in the passage INVALID

(E) withstand criticism from scientists outside the field of geology

NO such criticism is mentioned/displayed in the passage INCORRECT

Answer is A

Answer 2:

(A) physicists are reluctant to communicate with other scientists

(Nothing, such as mentioned in the passage) Can't Predict.

(B) improbable hypotheses usually turn out to be valid

(well, this statement generalizes all hypotheses which are usually valid? Not really.) INCORRECT

(C) there should be cooperation between different fields of science

(Yes If all fields of science work altogether, the hypothesis would get its validity sooner than later, like in the case of drifting theory where the occurrence of one theory is suggested by all science field experts) CORRECT

(D) there is a need for governmental control of scientific research

No government interference is suggested in the passage INCORRECT

(E) scientific theories are often proved by accident

(All scientific theories are proven with the help of uncertain event? NO) Incorrect

Answer is C

Answer 3:

(A) relying on incomplete measurements

(well, the expansion hypothesis with the help of gravitational force has not been elaborated in the passage. It is meant to be explored further, not really tested) INCORRECT

(B) introducing irrelevant information

No irrelevant information is suggested in the passage INCORRECT

(C) rejecting corroborative evidence

The author doesn't reject any proven facts or evidence INCORRECT

(D) accepting uninformed opinions

No such opinion is suggested or explained in the passage INCORRECT

(E) making unwarranted comparisons

In the second paragraph, the last 5th line suggests that the expansion theory has no comparative advantage, which proves this statement validity CORRECT

Answer is E

Answer 4:

(A) a representative of the geologic age of the Earth

Age is not a determining factor in the passage INCORRECT

(B) analogous to the movement of landmasses

No such comparison is explained with respect to continental drift INCORRECT

(C) similar to optical phenomena such as mirages

Mirages are not a suggested part of the passage INCORRECT

(D) proportional to the size of the Earth

Yes, the gravitational force is considered as a scaling method to deduce whether expansion theory exists and expansion(increase in size) of the Earth) CORRECT

(E) dependent on the speed of the Earth’s rotation

Earth's speed is not considered INVALID

Answer is D