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04 Oct 2014, 14:27
Kudos
Bookmarks
Discussed here
the-evolution-of-sex-ratios-has-produced-274021.html
Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex
ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a
large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs
Line develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males.
5 A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of
each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher‘s
genetic argument that the sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the
number of descendants an individual will have and hence the
10 number of gene copies transmitted, it should pay a
female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting
that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the
newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse,
15 offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually lays
eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this
one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for
an evolutionarily stable strategy,
20 but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy.
1>The author suggests that the work of Fisher and
Hamilton was similar in that both scientists
(A) conducted their research at approximately
the same time
(B) sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some
of the animals they studied
(C) sought an explanation of why certain sex
ratios exist and remain stable
(D) studied game theory, thereby providing important
groundwork for the later development of strategy theory
(E) studied reproduction in the same animal species
2>Which of the following is NOT true of the species of parasitic wasps discussed in the passage?
(A) Adult female wasps are capable of storing sperm.
(B) Female wasps lay their eggs in the larvae of
other insects.
(C) The adult female wasp can be fertilized by a male that
was hatched in the same larva as herself.
(D) So few male wasps are produced that extinction is
almost certain.
(E) Male wasps do not emerge from their hosts until they
reach sexual maturity.
the-evolution-of-sex-ratios-has-produced-274021.html
Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex
ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a
large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs
Line develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males.
5 A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of
each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher‘s
genetic argument that the sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the
number of descendants an individual will have and hence the
10 number of gene copies transmitted, it should pay a
female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting
that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the
newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse,
15 offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually lays
eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this
one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for
an evolutionarily stable strategy,
20 but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy.
1>The author suggests that the work of Fisher and
Hamilton was similar in that both scientists
(A) conducted their research at approximately
the same time
(B) sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some
of the animals they studied
(C) sought an explanation of why certain sex
ratios exist and remain stable
(D) studied game theory, thereby providing important
groundwork for the later development of strategy theory
(E) studied reproduction in the same animal species
2>Which of the following is NOT true of the species of parasitic wasps discussed in the passage?
(A) Adult female wasps are capable of storing sperm.
(B) Female wasps lay their eggs in the larvae of
other insects.
(C) The adult female wasp can be fertilized by a male that
was hatched in the same larva as herself.
(D) So few male wasps are produced that extinction is
almost certain.
(E) Male wasps do not emerge from their hosts until they
reach sexual maturity.
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04 Oct 2014, 14:39
Kudos
Bookmarks
OA will be posted after some good discussion
