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Re: Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing [#permalink]
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After reading through the options once, it seems B,D,E can be ruled out as they are not a necessary assumption.

For me it was a bit tough to choose between A and C, and A definitely seems more apt. C is a contender because it felt like for some users, main factor to determine superiority is convenience. But this is wrongly understood, as it seems to say that the main factor is convenience. But it doesn't have to be so, argument just implies that for some users, although there are other important advantages, convenience outweighs them all.
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A is not an assumption, but just a restatement of what has already been stated in the passage. At most it could be an inference. An assumption should link the premise and conclusion. Option A does not do so.

C is better than A.The premise is about convenience, and the conclusion is about superiority. Option C links convenience with superiority. The word "only" is required because if there were other features that determine superiority then the conclusion that more convenient machines are superior cannot be drawn .

OA has been changed.
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Re: Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing [#permalink]
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A recent study concluded that
top-loading washing machines are superior
overall to front-loaders.

If it is saying about overall superiority.There must be multiple factors. Hence C is not correct.
i.e
(C) Convenience is the only important factor in
determining which type of washing machine
is superior.
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Ankita5330 wrote:
A recent study concluded that
top-loading washing machines are superior
overall to front-loaders.

If it is saying about overall superiority.There must be multiple factors. Hence C is not correct.
i.e
(C) Convenience is the only important factor in
determining which type of washing machine
is superior.


From your post it seems that you are confused between inference and assumption. I have already clarified the issue. Yet I shall try once again to explain (taking your point into consideration).

You have INFERRED that there must be multiple factors since the conclusion is about overall superiority. Thus your point FOLLOWS from the conclusion. The following arrow diagram explains the difference between an assumption and an inference:

1. Premise ------- (Assumption) --------> conclusion
2. Premise / conclusion / other information in the passage ---------> inference

Your point falls under the second category above and hence is an inference.

Now once again consider the reasoning in the given passage:

Premise: X is more convenient than Y.
Conclusion: X is superior (/overall superior) to Y.

Link: Convenience is the only factor to determine the superiority (/overall superiority).

Whether you consider overall superiority or superiority, the premise is the same that X is more convenient. Thus C is the correct option.
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Re: Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing [#permalink]
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sayantanc2k wrote:
A is not an assumption, but just a restatement of what has already been stated in the passage. At most it could be an inference. An assumption should link the premise and conclusion. Option A does not do so.

C is better than A.The premise is about convenience, and the conclusion is about superiority. Option C links convenience with superiority. The word "only" is required because if there were other features that determine superiority then the conclusion that more convenient machines are superior cannot be drawn .

OA has been changed.


Hi Sayantan, Don't you think 'C' is too strong? The argument actually assumes that 'Convenience is a criteria of superiority for a particular group of people(Wheel chair users in this case)'. But the argument does not even hint that convenience is the only criteria of superiority. With that we did not know 'why top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders?'. Whether that is for convenience to all other group of users. Actually I do not think that this might be a GMAT question. What do you think? GMAT may ask this type of question?
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arunavamunshi1988 wrote:
sayantanc2k wrote:
A is not an assumption, but just a restatement of what has already been stated in the passage. At most it could be an inference. An assumption should link the premise and conclusion. Option A does not do so.

C is better than A.The premise is about convenience, and the conclusion is about superiority. Option C links convenience with superiority. The word "only" is required because if there were other features that determine superiority then the conclusion that more convenient machines are superior cannot be drawn .

OA has been changed.


Hi Sayantan, Don't you think 'C' is too strong? The argument actually assumes that 'Convenience is a criteria of superiority for a particular group of people(Wheel chair users in this case)'. But the argument does not even hint that convenience is the only criteria of superiority. With that we did not know 'why top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders?'. Whether that is for convenience to all other group of users. Actually I do not think that this might be a GMAT question. What do you think? GMAT may ask this type of question?


It does not matter whether the scope of the premise is for one particular group of users or all the users. In either case the explanation given above holds. (If the premise is applicable for a particular group, the conclusion is also applicable for that particular group). Let me try once again to elaborate my explanations above:

The concept of "too strong" is applicable only for inference type questions, not for assumptions. In assumptions "too strong" statements are required to eliminate any possibility of alternative cases.

Take this general example:
Premise: X and Y happen together (scope: one particular group of users)
Conclusion: X causes Y (scope: only that particular group of user)

Strengthening statement: Some other event Z does not cause Y
Assumption: NO other event causes Y ( or in other words ONLY X causes Y).
(Both the above types are limited to the particular scope considered in premise and conclusion.)

In the subject question:
X= convenience
Y = superiority
The scope is limited to particular group of users.

If the question were a strengthening type question then a statement similar to the following could be answer:
Price is not an important factor in determining superiority. (Price = Z)

Since the the subject question is an assumption type question, the following statement is a correct answer:
Price or any other factor except convenience is not important in determining superiority. (for a particular group of users)
or in other words,
Convenience is the only factor in determining superiority. (for a particular group of users)
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A IMO ;
Here isn't it taking a particular group "for some consumers"to say something about universal in C ?.
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Nightmare007 wrote:
A IMO ;
Here isn't it taking a particular group "for some consumers"to say something about universal in C ?.


A is an inference, not an assumption. Rather A is just a restatement of what has already been given in the passage.

However for option C, you are right. Ideally in option C it should have clarified that the statement is only about the particular group in question. In a real GMAT test, this kind of omission is probably not expected.
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Re: Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing [#permalink]
Hello Expert, in this question, what will be the conclusion for above passage, i expected : top loading washing machines are superior overall to front loaders.

And for this conclusion, i selected 'D' option as assumption.

Please suggest where i am wrong ?
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VKat, as explained by goforgmat, choice D does not need to be true...

Quote:
(D) Retrieving clothes from a top-loader is convenient for people who do not use wheelchairs.


According to a recent study, "top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders." This suggests that many users find top-loaders superior in many ways (ie perhaps most users find that top-loaders clean their clothes faster and more thoroughly than front-loaders do). This does not require that most users find top-loaders to be superior in EVERY way. In fact, most users may find that "retrieving clothes from a top-loader" is actually INCONVENIENT; however, those users can still view top-loaders as superior to front-loaders overall based on other factors. Thus, D is not necessary.

Choice C is also not necessary. Several IMPORTANT FACTORS may have been considered when surveyed users compared front-loaders to top-loaders. For example, imagine that the surveyed users considered 10 different factors (ie energy efficiency, cleanliness of clothes, noise level, etc.) when comparing the two types. It is possible that most users considered top-loaders to be superior in most of those categories and thus superior overall. Wheelchair users may have considered top-loaders to be superior in several ways as well. The author is assuming that, because wheelchair users find front-loaders to be more convenient, then those wheelchair users must find front-loaders to be superior; however, it is certainly possible that wheelchair users consider top-loaders to be superior overall (based on OTHER advantages), even though they find front-loaders to be more convenient. Given that wheelchair users find front-loaders to be more convenient, we can only safely conclude that "for some consumers front-loaders are superior" if we assume that the "the convenience of front-loaders outweighs the advantages of top-loaders in assessing which is superior." Thus, the answer is A, as given in the original source.
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This is a question from Manhattan LSAT. And the official answer is "A". Please correct the OA.
Below explanation has been mentioned in one of the forums of Manhattan website.

Answer choice is (C) is actually the sufficient assumption, as the truth of answer choice (C) would guarantee the conclusion. But it's not necessary that convenience is "the only" important factor. It's simply too strong...

Answer choice (A) is necessary to the argument. We know that there are some advantages to top-loaders and, for wheelchair users, there are some advantages to front-loaders.
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Re: Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing [#permalink]
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hellosanthosh2k2 wrote:
Hi,

I feel, had the choice C read as "For some consumers, convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior", it would have been an apt choice. I feel "only" is making it too strong.

mikemcgarry - can you please help?

Thanks

Dear hellosanthosh2k2,

I'm happy to respond. :-)

I agree that the "only" makes (C) stand out as strong, and that's precisely the point. That's part of why it works as an answer.

You see, the argument itself is a relatively weak argument. This prompt argument easily could have been the prompt for a "weaken the argument" question.

Notice that the negation of (C) would be a devastating objection to this argument, and the Negation Test is one of the strongest for an assumption.

The fact that (C) is a laughably extreme statement and yet the assumption of the argument casts tremendous doubt on the validity of the argument. If Person #1 made the prompt argument, and then Person #2 said, "So, it seems you are assuming that . . ." and then said (C), this would be a brilliantly understated yet devastating objection to the argument. The extremity of (C) perfectly brings out the flimsy weakness of the prompt argument.

Does all this make sense?
Mike :-)
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As a few people pointed out, the LSAT forums all have the correct answer to this one as A, which makes a lot of sense because:

-Rarely (I won't say "never" when discussing Critical Reasoning!) do you ever need a word like "all," or "only" in an assumption answer. The correct answer is a necessary assumption - without it the argument falls apart. Here what if convenience isn't the ONLY factor but instead just the MOST IMPORTANT factor. That's different from C, but the conclusion is just as strong at that point. And you don't even need "most important" - it could be one of several important factors, and for some people it will weigh heavier than the others and the conclusion still holds. The negation of C is "Convenience is NOT the only important factor in determining superiority" and that doesn't cripple the argument at all.

-Generally the correct answer to an assumption question isn't a great Strengthen answer. We like to say that Strengthen answers are "swords" that advance your argument, whereas Assumption arguments are "shields" that protect your argument from an attack that you might not have seen coming. As many have pointed out, A doesn't seem to add much new value to the argument, but that's pretty common with Assumption answers: very often the assumption is an easy assumption to make so it almost feels like it was already there. But if you take it away, then you really see how much weight it was carrying. If you negate A, you get "For no consumers does convenience of front-loaders outweigh the overall superiority of top-loaders" and then you can see that the conclusion is just destroyed.

-Note that A isn't explicit in the argument. We know that a study says top-loaders are superior, but for some users front-loaders are more convenient. Those are the only premises...then we're told the conclusion that for some users front-loaders are superior. The only facts we have about front-loaders are 1) they're inferior and 2) they're more convenient for some people. To leap to "they're superior for some people" we absolutely need to connect convenience to superiority...that's not accomplished in the argument itself, although it's kind of obvious that those are the dots that need to be connected and so for most of us our brains already do that. If your take was that A was already stated in the argument...you just made the same assumption yourself. THAT's why Assumption Negation is so powerful...it turns these questions into weaken questions and then you get to attack the argument, which helps you better identify the gaps in it that your brain may have already started to fill in.
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Re: Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing [#permalink]
VeritasKarishma chetan2u generis mikemcgarry

Can you please tell which option is the correct answer here ? Option A or option C ? There seems to be a diffrence in opinion among people over this question. Can you please help ?

Posted from my mobile device
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Re: Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing [#permalink]
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sayan640 wrote:
VeritasKarishma chetan2u generis mikemcgarry

Can you please tell which option is the correct answer here ? Option A or option C ? There seems to be a diffrence in opinion among people over this question. Can you please help ?

Posted from my mobile device


Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders. But front-loaders have the controls and access in front. This is more convenient for wheelchair users, some of whom find it highly inconvenient to remove laundry from top-loaders. So for some consumers front-loaders are superior.

Let us first look at the argument to answer
Argument : Top loaders are superior as per a study -->> People using wheel chairs find front loaders more convenient ---->> So, for some consumers front-loaders are superior.


I think it is very clear from the flow of the argument that the ASSUMPTION should connect convenience of these few consumers to superiority.

So, A should be the answer and C does not come close to this choice.

Let us check on A and C

Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the consumer advocate’s argument depends?

(A) For some consumers the convenience of frontloaders outweighs the advantages of toploaders in assessing which is superior.
Firstly it is NOT a premise but a very valid assumption. It connects few consumers convenience to the superiority of that machine.
Thus, we are not generalizing the taste of people, and just concentrating on this particular group. As a matter of fact, this choice contains the information of choice C, but without generalizing everyone.

(C) Convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior.
Yes, if this were an assumption, the argument will surely stand,
but if this choice were that convenience for some consumers is the only important factor, that too will be sufficient.
Also, if this choice were that convenience for some consumers is one of the most important factor, that too will be sufficient.

So, it is too extreme, and the argument will stand even if we say xyz is the most important factor. It leaves room for other factors and yet be sufficient.

So, I would go with A.
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rulez161 wrote:
Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders. But front-loaders have the controls and access in front. This is more convenient for wheelchair users, some of whom find it highly inconvenient to remove laundry from top-loaders. So for some consumers front-loaders are superior.

Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the consumer advocate’s argument depends?

(A) For some consumers the convenience of frontloaders outweighs the advantages of toploaders in assessing which is superior.
(B) Washing machines of a given type should be compared only with washing machines of that type.
(C) Convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior.
(D) Retrieving clothes from a top-loader is convenient for people who do not use wheelchairs.
(E) Retrieving clothes from front-loaders is inconvenient for people who are not wheelchair users.


Top loading are superior to front loading.
But for some, front loading are more convenient and top loading highly inconvenient.
So front loading are superior for them.

The moment I read the argument, my first question was that what if the other features of top loading outweigh convenience? Just because of convenience, we cannot establish superiority.
The argument assumes that for these specific consumers, convenience outweighs the advantages of top loaders. What if the top loaders save a lot of money and the wheelchair users find that more appealing than inconvenience? Then our conclusion cannot hold.

(A) For some consumers the convenience of frontloaders outweighs the advantages of toploaders in assessing which is superior.
Correct. This has been assumed by the argument.

(B) Washing machines of a given type should be compared only with washing machines of that type.
Irrelevant.

(C) Convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior.
Not necessary. There can be other important factors too. The conclusion will still hold as long as convenience outweighs others i.e. as long as convenience is the most important. Convenience need not be the ONLY important factor.

(D) Retrieving clothes from a top-loader is convenient for people who do not use wheelchairs.
Irrelevant

(E) Retrieving clothes from front-loaders is inconvenient for people who are not wheelchair users.
Irrelevant

Answer (A)
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Re: Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing [#permalink]
Between A and C:

C says that convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior. What if wheelchair users thought reliability was also an important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior? C is not a necessary assumption for the argument.

A, on the other hand, tells us that for some consumers the convenience of frontloaders outweighs the advantages of toploaders in assessing which is superior. If no consumers thought the convenience of frontloaders outweighs the advantages of toploaders, then the argument that some front-loaders are superior for some people is destroyed. This is a necessary assumption.

A is the answer.
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