Unlike amateur clammers, who usually dig clams by hand

Unlike amateur clammers, who usually dig clams by hand during the summer, professional clammers work year-round, using all-weather instruments such as the hydraulic dredge or a 20-foot-long implement known as a bull rake

First split: work VS working. "Work" is a verb, "working" is a modifier. Consider C and D:

C. working year-round and using all-weather instruments such as a hydraulic dredge or a 20-foot-long implement known as a bull rake
This sentence has no verb. Cannot be right
D. working year-round use all-weather instruments like hydraulic dredges or 20-foot-long implements known as a bull rake
This sentence has a structure issue. The overall sentence is not clear : "Unlike amateur clammers, who usually dig during the summer professional clammers use all-weather instruments ". Moreover "like" should be replaced by "such as", as we want to give examples

We are left with A B and E:

A. work year-round, using all-weather instruments such as the hydraulic dredge or a 20-foot-long implement known as a bull rake
B. work year-round by using all-weather instruments like hydraulic dredge or 20-foot-long implements known as a bull rake
E. work year-round using all-weather instruments, for example, a hydraulic dredge or 20-foot-long implements known as a bull rake

All those use work correctly. But they differ in the usage of "using". What is the sentence trying to express?
The structure should be "they work, HOW they work", the construct COMMA + ING expresses this idea correctly.
In E "using" is used without the comma and modifes the preceding noun, does not express how they work.

BTW, there are also other reasons to pick A over B and E (implement VS implements for example or such as VS like)