Around the World in 80 Questions (Day 9): Many studies have shown that

(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
Incorrect. A higher calorie intake doesn't directly correlate with higher rates of cardiovascular disease.

(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
Incorrect. It doesn't explain why a vegetarian diet would lead to a higher BMI

(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats.
Correct. This resolves the paradox. Even though they were consuming a vegetarian diet, the high sodium and unhealthy fats in processed foods could lead to higher rates of cardiovascular disease.

(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group.
Incorrect. It doesn't explain why the vegetarian group would have higher rates of cardiovascular disease.

(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
Incorrect. Although this potentially could explain the higher rates of cardiovascular disease, it doesn't explain why a vegetarian diet would lead to higher rates of cardiovascular disease.

Many studies have shown that individuals who consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables have lower rates of cardiovascular disease. However, a recent study found that a group of individuals who followed a strict vegetarian diet, which includes only plant-based foods, had higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to a group of individuals who consumed a balanced diet that included both plant-based and animal-based foods. This finding seems contradictory to the previous studies.

Which of the following, if true, resolves the paradox?

(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.

(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.

(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats.

(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group.

(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
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Let's take a look at the answer choices. One of them should helps us precisely to solve the paradox.
A - "higher calorie intake'' , there is no information in the passage that shows the link between calorie intake and cardiovascular disease. So, we dont know how it affects to individuals. A is out.
B - similar error in as in A . '' body mass index'' there is no information in the passage that shows the link
C - Even the vegetarian food is high in sodium, we dont know how it influences on the health. C is out.
D - if that was the case, we might have expected that individuals in balanced diet group have higher rates of cardiovascular disease than those in strictly vegetarian one. Inverse logic.
E - Helps us to understand the results of the research. If vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group, the outcome of the research could be conflicting to that of previous one.

E is our winner.

The effect of BMI, calorie intake and processed food is not mentioned in the passage. We do not know for sure how they will impact the rates of cardiovascular disease. A, B and C are out.
D actually complicates the situation more by providing the counter explanation. D is out.
E gives a clear case of impact on rates of cardiovascular disease on the vegetarian group by mentioning that the vegetarian group had higher risk to begin with. E is the answer.

My Answer: E

Option A: Does higher overall calorie intake lead to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? We can't assume this based on the information given. Hence, incorrect.
Option B: Does higher overall BMI lead to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? We can't assume this based on the information given. Hence, incorrect.
Option C: Does higher intake of processed food lead to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? We can't assume this based on the information given. Hence, incorrect.
Option D: This would suggest that the balanced diet group should have higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. This just strengthens the paradox. Hence, incorrect.
Option E: Since we can logically link higher genetic predisposition to actual risk this is correct.

We can easily ELIMINATE options A, B, and C within a flash. They are out of scope.

The problem is between D and E. Both seem similar and confusing.

(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group. -This is bit helpful, but it can be ELIMINATED just because we can't confirm that prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions always help not to suffer from the disease.

(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group. - This is better than D, CORRECT

E

Many studies have shown that individuals who consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables have lower rates of cardiovascular disease. However, a recent study found that a group of individuals who followed a strict vegetarian diet, which includes only plant-based foods, had higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to a group of individuals who consumed a balanced diet that included both plant-based and animal-based foods. This finding seems contradictory to the previous studies.

Which of the following, if true, resolves the paradox?

New type of information needed to resolves the contradiction between the two findings.

(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group. Higher calorie intake was not mentioned in the argument.

(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group. Higher BMI is also not mention in the argument

(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats. higher intake of processed vegetarian foods high in sodium and unhealthy fats may increase the rate of cardiovascular disease in real life but it wasn't explicitly mention in the argument.

(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group. It creates further contradiction than resolves

(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group. If the individuals in vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition, then the study findings is less effective, resolving the contradiction. Correct.

argument states about a study that individuals who consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables have lower rates of cardiovascular disease

study found that a group of individuals who followed a strict vegetarian diet, which includes only plant-based foods, had higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to a group of individuals who consumed a balanced diet that included both plant-based and animal-based foods


resolve paradox:

(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group. there is no co relation given b/w high calorie intake of both groups and also its impact on developing cardio vascular disease

(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group. same as A we cannot conclude that high BMI reason for the conclusion of argument

(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats. this may be true but again the argument does not states that food high in sodium and unhealthy fats could be a reason for cardiovascular disease


(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group. this is not relevant and infact weakens the argument


(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group. this can be a valid reason of why strict vegetarian diet individuals , had higher rates of cardiovascular disease
OPTION E is correct

1: Individuals who consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables have lower rates of cardiovascular disease.
2: However, a recent study found that a group of individuals who followed a strict vegetarian diet, which includes only plant-based foods, had higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to a group of individuals who consumed a balanced diet that included both plant-based and animal-based foods

Which of the following, if true, resolves the paradox?

(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group. - we don't know how calorie intake impacts rates of cardiovascular disease

(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group. - we don't know how BMI impacts rates of cardiovascular disease

(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats. - we don't know how processed food impacts rates of cardiovascular disease

(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group. - this complicates the paradox further

(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group. - CORRECT

Answer E

(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.------how will this affect cardiovascular health isn't mentioned

(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.------ here too there's no info about its effects on cardiovascular health

(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats.-----could be a reason but not too convincing

(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group.------incorrect, flipped the argument presented

(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.------ Correct, seems the most appropriate as they have given a reasonable scenario which may have led to the paradox

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The Answer is C
To resolve the paradox presented in the passage, we need to find an explanation that could account for the higher rates of cardiovascular disease in the group of individuals following a strict vegetarian diet.
Statement A does not effectively resolve the paradox. If the excess calorie intake by vegetarians is composed of good fats then it shouldn't cause health problems.
Statement B if the vegetarian group had a higher BMI, it might suggest that they consumed a calorie-dense plant-based foods which may not be harmful to the body
Statement C provides a specific reason for the higher rates of cardiovascular disease in the vegetarian group. If the individuals in that group consumed more processed plant-based foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats, it could explain the contradictory findings. This option resolves the paradox.
Statement D does not directly address the paradox but provides an alternative explanation for the difference in cardiovascular disease rates between the two groups. It suggests that the higher rates in the balanced diet group could be due to pre-existing medical conditions, rather than the diet itself.
Statement E introduces a genetic factor that could explain the different rates of cardiovascular disease between the two groups, However it does not directly address the paradox in the stem
Hence C is correct.

IMO E

Many studies have shown that individuals who consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables have lower rates of cardiovascular disease. However, a recent study found that a group of individuals who followed a strict vegetarian diet, which includes only plant-based foods, had higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to a group of individuals who consumed a balanced diet that included both plant-based and animal-based foods. This finding seems contradictory to the previous studies.

Which of the following, if true, resolves the paradox?

(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
Incorrect. Per passage we do not know if calories causes heart problems

(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
Incorrect. Out of scope. BMI information is not relevant.

(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats.
Incorrect. Does not mention anything about other group.

(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group.
Incorrect. Tells the opposite of why Group 2 should have heart problems

(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
Correct. A possible cause. Tells why the individuals had heart problems and hence resolves paradox.

Many studies have shown that individuals who consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables have lower rates of cardiovascular disease. However, a recent study found that a group of individuals who followed a strict vegetarian diet, which includes only plant-based foods, had higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to a group of individuals who consumed a balanced diet that included both plant-based and animal-based foods. This finding seems contradictory to the previous studies.

Which of the following, if true, resolves the paradox?
(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats.
(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group.
(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.

Explanation:
(A) The impact of calorie intake is not mentioned in the passage. Irrelevant. OUT.
(B) The impact of BMI is not mentioned in the passage. Irrelevant. OUT.
(C) The impact of processed vegetarian foods is not mentioned in the passage. Irrelevant. OUT.
(D) Rather supports/deepens the paradox instead of resolving it. OUT.
(E) If certain individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease then we have a possible cause for the given effect - the effect being the result of the study leading to the paradox. Problem solved. CORRECT.

ANSWER E

Many studies have shown that individuals who consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables have lower rates of cardiovascular disease. However, a recent study found that a group of individuals who followed a strict vegetarian diet, which includes only plant-based foods, had higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to a group of individuals who consumed a balanced diet that included both plant-based and animal-based foods. This finding seems contradictory to the previous studies.

Which of the following, if true, resolves the paradox?


It is not clear how higher overall calorie intake leads to higher rates of cardiovascular diseases.
Incorrect


It is not clear how higher average body mass index (BMI) leads to higher rates of cardiovascular diseases.
Incorrect


It is not clear how higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats leads to higher rates of cardiovascular diseases.
Incorrect


If the statement is true, then results of recent study are more contradictory to previous studies.
Incorrect


The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group then this may be the reason why individuals in the vegetarian group had higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to a group of individuals who consumed a balanced diet.
Correct

IMO E

Pre-thinking: To resolve the paradox, option must provide reason as to why group with veg diet had higher rate of CV disease compared to group who consumed balanced diet.

(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
No reason to believe higher calorie intake led to CV disease.

(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
No reason to believe higher BMI intake led to CV disease.

(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats.
No reason to believe sodium and unhealthy fats led to CV disease.

(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group.
Then why did group of Veg diet had high CV diseases, not resolving paradox.

(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
Correct, if this was the case then Veg group already had higher chances of CV disease irrespective of diet that group consumed. Paradox resolved.

IMO E.

Many studies have shown that individuals who consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables have lower rates of cardiovascular disease. However, a recent study found that a group of individuals who followed a strict vegetarian diet, which includes only plant-based foods, had higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to a group of individuals who consumed a balanced diet that included both plant-based and animal-based foods. This finding seems contradictory to the previous studies.

Which of the following, if true, resolves the paradox?

Many Studies: Individuals consuming a diet rich in fruits & veggies have lower rates of cardiovascular disease
Recent Study: individuals who followed strict veggie diet, which includes only plant -based had higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to
individuals who consumed balanced diet that included plant - based and animal- based food

(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
it talks about calorie intake which is outside the scope as all are consuming diet rich in fruits/veggie/ plan based or plant and animal based. It tempts us to bring outside info of calorie to cardio disease relation. not sure that also exists

(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
Veggie group had higher BMI than balanced group but how does BMI relate to cardiovascular outside the scope. It tempts us to bring outside info

(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats.
so it says veggie group had high intake of unhealthy fats and sodium containing vegetarian food. So that explains why only plant based is getting high cardio related disease while group eating veggie and fruits have low.

(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group.
it talks about pre-existing condition in balanced diet group but does not explain why this group has lower and veggie has higher. This also strengthens that somehow balance diet is good but does nothing to resolve paradox

(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
It compares vegetarian group with balanced diet group but does not resolve paradox that why group eating only veggies are having higher risk of cardio disease compared with group eating both fruits and veggies.

C is the answer

(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.

We are not given any information on how the calorie intake affects the cardiovascular disease. Hence, this information doesn't help resolve paradox. Eliminate.

(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.

We are not given any information on how the BMI affects the cardiovascular disease. Hence, this information doesn't help resolve paradox. Eliminate.

(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats.

We can keep this option. The individuals were having unhealthy fast and processed foods so may be that could be a reason.

(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group.

States the opposite. If the individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health the result should have been the opposite. Eliminate.

(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.

This is an interesting option. May be it was not the diet after all. The group members were more predisposed to cardiovascular disease.

Both C and E look probable and its a tough call. I will go with C, as its gives a stronger reason the believe that the consumption was indeed the reason for higher rate of cardiovascular disease.

IMO C

Many studies have shown that individuals who consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables have lower rates of cardiovascular disease. However, a recent study found that a group of individuals who followed a strict vegetarian diet, which includes only plant-based foods, had higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to a group of individuals who consumed a balanced diet that included both plant-based and animal-based foods. This finding seems contradictory to the previous studies.

Which of the following, if true, resolves the paradox?

(A) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher overall calorie intake compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
Incorrect. The relationship between high caloric intake and rate of cardiovarcular disease is not specified. So this choice does not help resolving the paradox.

(B) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher average body mass index (BMI) compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
Incorrect. The relationship between BMI and rate of cardiovarcular disease is not specified. So this choice does not help resolving the paradox.

(C) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher intake of processed vegetarian foods that are high in sodium and unhealthy fats.
Incorrect. The relationship between high intake of processed food and rate of cardiovarcular disease is not specified. So this choice does not help resolving the paradox.

(D) The individuals in the balanced diet group had a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions related to cardiovascular health compared to the individuals in the vegetarian group.
Incorrect. If this is true, then we might expect balanced diet group to have higher rate of cardiovascular disease. So this choice supports the paradox rather than explain it.

(E) The individuals in the vegetarian group had a higher genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease compared to the individuals in the balanced diet group.
Correct. If this is true then we can expect that vegetarian group will have higher rate of cardiovascular disease even if all other conditions are made equal for the two groups. This choice explains why even after consuming plant based diets which are proved to be helpful for cardiovascular health, vegetarian group had higher rates of cardiovascular disease .