When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St

Question 1

Take another look at answer choice (E) for question #435 (or question #1, as it appears in this thread):

The passage mentions that segregation existed prior to Garvey's arrival in the United States, but does it ever state that there was already a "movement to protest segregation" before he got there?

It does not. The author says that a "consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history.... already existed in the African American community," and that "Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression." So, many of the underlying thoughts and feelings necessary to start a movement already existed, but Garvey himself "gave this consciousness its political expression." In other words, Garvey was an important player in forming the political movement to protest segregation.

For this reason, we cannot say that Garvey supported a movement that emerged prior to his arrival. (E) is out.

And if I remember correctly, we went through this passage in this video.

I hope this helps!
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for Q 4 :

Could anyone please explain how to eliminate option D ? Thanks in advance .

Question 4

The relevant piece of the passage is the first sentence of the second paragraph:

From this, it is clear that many African American people joined the armed forces because they "hop[ed] to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success." AFTER they joined, however, they found that they were segregated from white troops. Then, AFTER they returned from the war, they found that the United States was also still segregated.

This timeline doesn't add up with answer choice (D), which states that African Americans joined the armed forces because they "hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation." The passage only discusses segregation in the time after African American people decided to join the armed forces. Fighting for desegregation is not given as a reason that they decided to join in the first place.

(D) is not supported by the timeline presented in the passage, so it is not the correct answer to question #4.

I hope that helps!
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Hi Gmatninja

as per the context of the passage, what is the difference between "sensibility" and "consciousness" ?

dictionary definition of "sensibility" : the quality of being able to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences; sensitivity.

dictionary definition of "consciousness" : the state of being aware of and responsive to one's surroundings.

now, both the definitions seem fine as per the given context of the passage, so your reasoning regarding the difference between the two words seems a little weird.

please explain as soon as you can.

Regards,

The question asks how did African American people respond to their experiences....
In OA it is said that they became aware of the gap.
My query is that could becoming aware of something be a response to an action? I guess, response to an action needs to be an action also. I don't think becoming aware of something is an appropriate way of response to an activity.



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Question 3

As we said in our previous post, the best reason to eliminate (C) is that the question asks about the SCHOLARS’ beliefs, not the AUTHOR’S beliefs. For that reason, (C) is undoubtedly wrong.

However, we also noted that the use of the word “sensibility” is questionable because while the words “consciousness” and “sensibility” possess similar meanings, they do not mean the same thing in the context of the passage.

When the author indicates that the African American community was conscious of its “identity, strength, and sense of history,” he/she simply means that the community was aware of these factors. However, to say that the African American community possessed a sensibility implies not only an awareness, but also a response to emotional or aesthetic stimuli, which is not the author’s apparent intention.

In short, the distinction between “sensibility” and “consciousness” is definitely not the best reason to eliminate (C), but the use of the former in place of the latter is certainly questionable.

I hope that helps!
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Hello, in Question Number 2.

2. The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?

I don't understand how "Becoming aware of the gap..." is a RESPONSE?
Isn't Response a reaction (Eg: My RESPONSE to the negative experience at XYZ hotel was to stay away from XYZ hotel)

Please help!!

Hi RB95,

Consider the lines:
Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between culture’s expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement.”
True that response in literal terms means some sort of reaction, but here the response is awareness and realization of the gap between culture’s expectations and the reality of that culture and how the result inspired a movement.

You can also refer: https://gmatclub.com/forum/when-jamaican-born-social-activist-marcus-garvey-came-to-the-united-st-136802.html#p1937156

Let me know if you still have doubts.
Thanks.

I still can't seem to get hold of Question 3. Option B says that Marcus Garvey "changed a number of prevailing attitudes". But SCHOLARS believe that Garvey created consciousness. From this how can we arrive at the fact that he changed the existing attitude? Can't create mean that he did something from scratch. Maybe there wasn't any prevailing attitude and SCHOLARS believe that he instilled something rather than changing something.

3. It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in the highlighted text believe which of the following to be true?

(A) Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War.
(B) Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States.
(C) The prevailing sensibility of the African American community provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey’s political appeal.
(D) Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize the consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American community.
(E) The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans.

Hi s283,

Please refer the below replies by expert, it address the doubt you have.
https://gmatclub.com/forum/when-jamaican-born-social-activist-marcus-garvey-came-to-the-united-st-136802.html#p1982122
https://gmatclub.com/forum/when-jamaican-born-social-activist-marcus-garvey-came-to-the-united-st-136802.html#p2136502

https://gmatclub.com/forum/when-jamaican-born-social-activist-marcus-garvey-came-to-the-united-st-136802-20.html#p2559152


Let us know if you still have questions.
Thanks.

Explanation for Question #3 below!

Explanation for Question #4:

can you plz help me with this question
2. The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?
(D) They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture.
in question it is asked how ''African American people RESPONDED'' but the answer talks about that they became aware but becoming aware of something does not tell us about how they RESPONDED.
THANK YOU

Question 2

To respond to an experience just means to have a reaction to that experience.

Imagine that you are walking down your street and fall into an open sinkhole. You might react to this scenario by becoming more aware of your surroundings when you walk down your street the next time.

So, the new awareness that many African Americans gained after serving in the Armed Forces IS a reaction, or response, to their experience.

I hope that helps!
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Hi GMATNinja

I did not pick D because I thought its not the experience of African American people but rather Anthony F. C.

"Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture’s expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills longstanding expectations."

Question 2

Anthony F. C. Wallace is an anthropologist who studies societies and cultures. It’s Wallace’s opinion that a certain phenomenon occurs when there is a gap between the reality of a culture and the culture’s expectations.

The passage suggests that many African Americans became aware of the gap between their expectations and reality earlier in the second paragraph. It notes that they joined the armed forces with enthusiasm, but quickly found “themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.” In this instance, the passage suggests that many African Americans “became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture.”

For that reason, (D) is the best answer choice.

I hope that helps!
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Question 1

According to the passage, which of the following contributed to Marcus Garvey's success?

(A) He introduced cultural and historical consciousness to the African American community. The passage state that the consciousness already was in existence.

(B) He believed enthusiastically in the traditional American success ethos. No such thing has been stated.

(C) His audience had already formed a consciousness that made it receptive to his message. The passage states, “consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community” and that “he gave this consciousness its political expression.”

(D) His message appealed to critics of African American support for United States military involvement in the First World War. No such thing has been stated.

(E) He supported the movement to protest segregation that had emerged prior to his arrival in the United States. No such thing has been stated.


Question 2

The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?

(A) They maintained as civilians their enthusiastic allegiance to the armed forces. What they did as civilians cannot be inferred.

(B) They questioned United States involvement in the First World War. All that has been mentioned is that they found themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities. What is mentioned in this option cannot be inferred.

(C) They joined political organizations to protest the segregation of African American troops and the indignities they suffered in the military. No such thing has been mentioned or can be inferred.

(D) They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture. The passage states, “…only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.” This implies that there was a gap between what they had expected and what turned out to be the reality.

(E) They repudiated Garvey's message of pride and unity. We can’t infer that they repudiated or accepted Garvey’s message.


Question 3

It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in the highlight text believe which of the following to be true?

(A) Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War. This connection cannot be drawn.

(B) Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States. This question asks us to select something that the scholars believe to be true, not something that the author of the passage believes to be true. Those scholars believe "that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built the largest revitalization movement in African American history." Thus, we can infer that those scholars would believe that Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes.

(C) The prevailing sensibility of the African American community provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey’s political appeal. Nowhere does the author refer to the prevailing sensibility of the African American community.

(D) Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American community. The scholars felt that he created the consciousness, not that he hoped to revitalize it.

(E) The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans. The scholars have not referred to any goal.


Question 4

According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons?

(A) They wished to escape worsening economic conditions in African American communities. Nothing connected to this has been stated.

(B) They expected to fulfill ideals of personal attainment. The phrase, “Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success” tells us that this is the answer.

(C) They sought to express their loyalty to the United States. No reference to loyalty to the United States.

(D) They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation. The passage states that the soldiers “returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war” but no reference to advancing the cause of desegregation.

(E) They saw military service as an opportunity to fulfill Marcus Garvey’s political vision. No such connection has been stated.

- Nitha Jay
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GMATNinja
KarishmaB

For Q4, My understanding from your explanation why D is wrong because the timeline doesn't add up.
Look at this line - "They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war"
So the segregation existed even before the war. And "Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success" - From this line we can infer that they were expecting no segregation but were shocked after realising the gap btw their expectation and reality. Overall they wanted desegregation. Then why D is wrong?

Also How B is correct?

Thank you!

This is an inference question so the solution is simply to read carefully the passage
\As per the first sentence of the 2nd paragraph

Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.

Ethos = the set of beliefs, ideas, etc. about the social behavior and relationships of a person or group


(B) They expected to fulfill ideals of personal attainment.
Correct

(D) They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation.
Never mention in the passage. They were in the midst of segregation but never joined to improve that condition

Pretty straight question

Hope this helps
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