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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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04 Aug 2012, 03:12
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United States in 1916, he arrived at precisely the right historical moment. What made the moment right was the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918, which created an ideal constituency for someone with Garvey's message of unity, pride, and improved conditions for African American communities.
Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities. They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war. Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture’s expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills longstanding expectations.
Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history. But such an argument only tends to obscure the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community. Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression.
1. According to the passage, which of the following contributed to Marcus Garvey's success?
A. He introduced cultural and historical consciousness to the African American community. B. He believed enthusiastically in the traditional American success ethos. C. His audience had already formed a consciousness that made it receptive to his message. D. His message appealed to critics of African American support for United States military involvement in the First World War. E. He supported the movement to protest segregation that had emerged prior to his arrival in the United States.
2. The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?
A. They maintained as civilians their enthusiastic allegiance to the armed forces. B. They questioned United States involvement in the First World War. C. They joined political organizations to protest the segregation of African American troops and the indignities they suffered in the military. D. They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture. E. They repudiated Garvey's message of pride and unity.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in the highlight text believe which of the following to be true?
A. Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War. B. Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States. C. The prevailing sensibility of the African American community provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey’s political appeal. D. Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American community. E. The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans.
4. According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons?
A. They wished to escape worsening economic conditions in African American communities. B. They expected to fulfill ideals of personal attainment. C. They sought to express their loyalty to the United States. D. They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation. E. They saw military service as an opportunity to fulfill Marcus Garvey’s political vision.
Re: When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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04 Aug 2012, 03:18
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Question 14 begins with the phrase " According to the passage", which indicates the answer must be found directly from the passage and we don't need to infer it from the passage. Unfortunately, as OG 13 OA mentions that the answer is C, this answer choice is not directly mentioned in the passage. of course we could conclude that it is the correct answer but as we all know from Critical Reasoning concluding from some premises are inference type questions. Am I right?
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Re: When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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04 Aug 2012, 03:50
"But such an argument only tends to obscure the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community. Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression."
Leaving the CR skills aside. i think the answer choice directly follows from these lines. The answer choice c is directly mentioned. Which choice did you pick ?
Re: When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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04 Aug 2012, 05:19
Answer this Question after reading only the first and the last para. What would be marcus's success ? And if we look deeply this line : *Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history. *
If you answer the followng thre qustions you will ace the entire passge. And find what would have brought this revolution ? Who brought this revolution ? and why did Only he succeed in doing this?
E. The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans.
option E is wrong because GARVEY wanted unity, pride, and improved conditions for African American communities. and not AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS
When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United States in 1916, he arrived at precisely the right historical moment. What made the moment right was the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918, which created an ideal constituency for someone withGarvey's message of unity, pride, and improved conditions for African American communities.
Hope it helps
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Re: When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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05 Aug 2013, 04:42
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nroy347 wrote:
Can anyone tell me why the answer for 17th question is B.Why not D?
17.According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons?
The part of the text we have to look at is this: "Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm,"
B. They expected to fulfill ideals of personal attainment. The passage states "ethos of individual success", and B is pretty much a rewording of the above part.
D. They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation. We know that they "find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.", but we cannot say that they joined the army to advance the cause of desegregation.
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Re: When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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05 Aug 2013, 21:09
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nitin6305 wrote:
Can some one please explain how to arrive at option B in question 16?
16.It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in the highlight text believe which of the following to be true? A. Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War. B. Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States. C. The prevailing sensibility of the African American community provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey’s political appeal. D. Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American community. E. The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans.
we need to infer about the scholars. IN the argument it is written: Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history. in this line CREATED THE CONSCIOUSNESS means GARVEY created new thought in the mind of people which can be said in other words that he changed the attitude of people. WHY HE DID SO?to build the largest revitalization movement==>means he changed the mind of people and made them ready for the movement in US.
option B says:Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States.
hope this helps
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When you want to succeed as bad as you want to breathe ...then you will be successfull....
GIVE VALUE TO OFFICIAL QUESTIONS...
GMAT RCs VOCABULARY LIST: http://gmatclub.com/forum/vocabulary-list-for-gmat-reading-comprehension-155228.html learn AWA writing techniques while watching video : http://www.gmatprepnow.com/module/gmat-analytical-writing-assessment : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APt9ITygGss
Re: When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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02 Dec 2014, 15:22
B is right. G create the conciousness,so we can suppose that the conciousness did not exsit in the people mind before. If G plan to start a movement, he need to change the attitude of people to support him. E is wrong. I think that the answer E confuses the the reason and result. According to the scholar mentioned, the movement was built on the conciousness that G created before the movement, not "was to build on". In line 22, we can know that the goal of movement is to fulfill the longstanding expectations(is equal to conciousness).
look forward someone to pointing out my mistake. Hopefully my explain is helpful.
Re: When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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05 Jul 2016, 08:21
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"Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history. But such an argument only tends to obscure the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community. Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression."
Scholars argued that Garvey created the consciousness and not hoped.
Re: When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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14 May 2017, 17:47
Query for Gmatninja/Gmatninja2: Can you explain OA for Q#15 is D and not C. (Q: The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?) As per the passage it clearly says that Asian African people were dis satisfied after returning from world war and last paragraph stresses on Garvey giving movement a political expression, meaning that soldiers joined the political movement .
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Re: When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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15 May 2017, 19:06
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adkikani wrote:
Query for Gmatninja/Gmatninja2: Can you explain OA for Q#15 is D and not C. (Q: The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?) As per the passage it clearly says that Asian African people were dis satisfied after returning from world war and last paragraph stresses on Garvey giving movement a political expression, meaning that soldiers joined the political movement .
If i could opine on this...
I think you are reading too much into it. The passage never implied that the soldiers joined / had political affiliations after they returned from the WW1. That infact should be the reason why you should eliminate the answer choice. It could be quite possible that other African Americans joined the political affiliations. Be critical in your purview when you eliminate the answer choices. Don't imply things which are not intended to or are not 100% deducible. Even if there is a figment of doubt, eliminate the answer choice. On the contrary this line from the passage should be your focus:
Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture’s expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills longstanding expectations.
Hope that helps.
Summary of my attempt: 6.57mins...all correct.
_________________
Query for Gmatninja/Gmatninja2: Can you explain OA for Q#15 is D and not C. (Q: The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?) As per the passage it clearly says that Asian African people were dis satisfied after returning from world war and last paragraph stresses on Garvey giving movement a political expression, meaning that soldiers joined the political movement .
If i could opine on this...
I think you are reading too much into it. The passage never implied that the soldiers joined / had political affiliations after they returned from the WW1. That infact should be the reason why you should eliminate the answer choice. It could be quite possible that other African Americans joined the political affiliations. Be critical in your purview when you eliminate the answer choices. Don't imply things which are not intended to or are not 100% deducible. Even if there is a figment of doubt, eliminate the answer choice. On the contrary this line from the passage should be your focus:
Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture’s expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills longstanding expectations.
14.According to the passage, which of the following contributed to Marcus Garvey's success? A. He introduced cultural and historical consciousness to the African American community. B. He believed enthusiastically in the traditional American success ethos. C. His audience had already formed a consciousness that made it receptive to his message. D. His message appealed to critics of African American support for United States military involvement in the First World War. E. He supported the movement to protest segregation that had emerged prior to his arrival in the United States.
I need help. Could anybody explain why option E is wrong.
Many thanks :)
The passage does not specifically say that Garvey "supported the movement to protest segregation" or that there even was such a movement to protest segregation prior to his arrival in the United States. All we know about segregation is that the soldiers "returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war."
We are told that there was an "ideal constituency for someone with Garvey's message" and that Garvey "gave this consciousness [of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community] its political expression". This fits with choice (C):
Quote:
C. His audience had already formed a consciousness that made it receptive to his message.
Need an expert reply? Hit the request verbal experts' reply button -- and please be specific about your question. Feel free to tag @GMATNinja and @GMATNinjaTwo in your post.
Re: When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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03 Oct 2017, 06:41
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omidsa wrote:
When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United States in 1916, he arrived at precisely the right historical moment. What made the moment right was the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918, which created an ideal constituency for someone with Garvey's message of unity, pride, and improved conditions for African American communities.
Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities. They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war. Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture’s expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills longstanding expectations.
Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history. But such an argument only tends to obscure the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community. Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in the highlight text believe which of the following to be true?
A. Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War. B. Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States. C. The prevailing sensibility of the African American community provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey’s political appeal. D. Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American community. E. The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans.
Passage: Marcus Garvey
Question: Scholars’ Beliefs
The Simple Story
Social activist Marcus Garvey arrived in the United States at the right time for his message to resonate. African American soldiers, who were returning from the First World War, found that their experiences (both in the armed forces and upon returning) did not meet their expectations. According to anthropologists, this type of gap between expectations and reality can create a community consciousness. While some argue that Garvey created the consciousness on which he built his movement, the author asserts that this consciousness among African Americans actually already existed.
Sample Passage Map
Here is one way to map this passage. (Note: abbreviate as desired!)
MG → Good timing
AA – xprnc not living up to expect
MG movement – helped by existing AA conscious.
Note: AA is an abbreviation for African Americans; xprnc is an abbreviation for experience; expect is an abbreviation for expectations.
Step 1: Identify the Question
The word inferred in the question stem indicates that this is an Inference question.
Step 2: Find the Support
Read the text surrounding the scholars mentioned in the the question to identify what they believe.
“Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920’s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history.”
Step 3: Predict an Answer
Expect the answer to be some form of the scholars’ belief: that Garvey created the consciousness. Note that this is the opposite of what the author of the passage believes; keep an eye out for trap answers!
Step 4: Eliminate and Find a Match
(A) While the importance of returning African American soldiers is discussed in the second paragraph, it is not mentioned in relation to these scholars.
(B) CORRECT. The idea the Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order to further his movement matches with the idea of creat[ing] the consciousness from the quoted sentence.
(C) This is a trap! The answer matches the beliefs of the author of the passage: that Garvey’s movement benefited from existing attitudes in the African American community. But the question asks about the beliefs of scholars, who hold the opposite view: that Garvey had to create the consciousness.
(D) In order to revitalize consciousness, that consciousness must already exist. The scholars believe Garvey created the consciousness, a belief that is inconsistent with this answer. Moreover, the quoted sentence does not discuss the scholars’ awareness of what Garvey hoped; rather they state what they believe he actually did (i.e. create the consciousness). This answer is also a trap because it uses the word revitalize, a form of which is found in the quoted sentence, but other parts of the answer are not supported as discussed above.
(E) Garvey did present a message of pride and unity, according to the first paragraph, but the passage does not discuss whether the scholars hold this belief.
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Re: When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United St [#permalink]
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03 Oct 2017, 06:53
omidsa wrote:
When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United States in 1916, he arrived at precisely the right historical moment. What made the moment right was the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918, which created an ideal constituency for someone with Garvey's message of unity, pride, and improved conditions for African American communities.
Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities. They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war. Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture’sexpectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills longstanding expectations.
Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history. But such an argument only tends to obscure the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community. Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression.
2. The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?
A. They maintained as civilians their enthusiastic allegiance to the armed forces. B. They questioned United States involvement in the First World War. C. They joined political organizations to protest the segregation of African American troops and the indignities they suffered in the military. D. They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture. E. They repudiated Garvey's message of pride and unity.
Passage: Marcus Garvey
Question: Reaction to Armed Forces
The Simple Story
Social activist Marcus Garvey arrived in the United States at the right time for his message to resonate. African American soldiers, who were returning from the First World War, found that their experiences (both in the armed forces and upon returning) did not meet their expectations. According to anthropologists, this type of gap between expectations and reality can create a community consciousness. While some argue that Garvey created the consciousness on which he built his movement, the author asserts that this consciousness among African Americans actually already existed.
Sample Passage Map
Here is one way to map this passage. (Note: abbreviate as desired!)
MG → Good timing
AA – xprnc not living up to expect
MG movement – helped by existing AA conscious.
Note: AA is an abbreviation for African Americans; xprnc is an abbreviation for experience; expect is an abbreviation for expectations.
Step 1: Identify the Question
The word suggests in the question stem indicates that this is an Inference question.
Step 2: Find the Support
The passage does not directly state how African Americans responded to their circumstances upon returning. The end of the second paragraph does provide a view of how people with similar experiences might respond.
“…when a perceptible gap arises between culture’s expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement.”
This sentence sums up the specific circumstances described as applying to African Americans who entered the armed forces: they had high expectations but faced segregation and other indignities.
Step 3: Predict an Answer
The answer could mention the specific circumstances faced by African American entering the armed forces. Because this is an inference question, it is also possible that the answer will focus on the broader idea from the quoted sentence: a gap between expectations and reality.
Step 4: Eliminate and Find a Match
(A) While the passage does say that African Americans entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, their allegiance to the armed forces after completing their service is never mentioned in the passage.
(B) Attitudes towards the United States involvement in the First World War are not presented in the passage.
(C) While the passage does mention segregation and other indignities as conditions that African American soldiers experienced, it suggests that these conditions may inspire a movement or consciousness. The passage does not state that such conditions led to joining political organizations to protest the conditions.
(D) CORRECT. This answer is a match to the first part of the sentence quoted above. The returning soldiers realized the gap between their expectations and the realities.
(E) The passage suggests that many returning soldiers may have been receptive to Garvey’s message due to their new consciousness. This answer states the opposite.
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