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Sub 505 (Easy)|   Humanities|   Short Passage|   Social Science|                                    
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 12 Jun 2020, 03:03
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bapism07
Hi all

I have a query on the question -3. i.e. (It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in line 24 believe which of the following to be true?)

As per the third paragraph, it is mentioned that Garvey created the consciousness and that called for the largest revitalization movement. in the next line, the author mentions that the whole thing can tend to obscure as it was already there. Therefore he did not create or build the consciousness for the revitalization movement.

For the above references, we can conclude that the ideology was always prevailing and Garvey gave it a new political expression to it. Hence why not option C?

Hope i am not wrong!

thanks
subhankar
Quote:
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in the highlight text believe which of the following to be true?

A. Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War.
B. Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States.
C. The prevailing sensibility of the African American community provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey’s political appeal.
D. Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American community.
E. The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans.
Question #3 asks us to select something that the SCHOLARS believe to be true, not something that the AUTHOR OF THE PASSAGE believes to be true. Those scholars believe "that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built." Thus, those scholars would believe that Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes (B).

Even if this question were asking about the author's beliefs, choice (C) is still questionable. Where does the author talk about the sensibility of the African American community? The author mentions "the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community" but not sensibility. This is the type of mistake described in the "Don’t fall in love" section of the Ultimate RC Guide for Beginners.

Regardless, choice (C) does not match the scholar's beliefs.

I hope that helps!
Show more


Hi Gmatninja

as per the context of the passage, what is the difference between "sensibility" and "consciousness" ?

dictionary definition of "sensibility" : the quality of being able to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences; sensitivity.

dictionary definition of "consciousness" : the state of being aware of and responsive to one's surroundings.

now, both the definitions seem fine as per the given context of the passage, so your reasoning regarding the difference between the two words seems a little weird.

please explain as soon as you can.

Regards,
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 03 Jul 2020, 20:01
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Question 3


INSEADIESE
GMATNinja
bapism07
Hi all

I have a query on the question -3. i.e. (It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in line 24 believe which of the following to be true?)

As per the third paragraph, it is mentioned that Garvey created the consciousness and that called for the largest revitalization movement. in the next line, the author mentions that the whole thing can tend to obscure as it was already there. Therefore he did not create or build the consciousness for the revitalization movement.

For the above references, we can conclude that the ideology was always prevailing and Garvey gave it a new political expression to it. Hence why not option C?

Hope i am not wrong!

thanks
subhankar
Quote:
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in the highlight text believe which of the following to be true?

A. Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War.
B. Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States.
C. The prevailing sensibility of the African American community provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey’s political appeal.
D. Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American community.
E. The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans.
Question #3 asks us to select something that the SCHOLARS believe to be true, not something that the AUTHOR OF THE PASSAGE believes to be true. Those scholars believe "that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built." Thus, those scholars would believe that Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes (B).

Even if this question were asking about the author's beliefs, choice (C) is still questionable. Where does the author talk about the sensibility of the African American community? The author mentions "the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community" but not sensibility. This is the type of mistake described in the "Don’t fall in love" section of the Ultimate RC Guide for Beginners.

Regardless, choice (C) does not match the scholar's beliefs.

I hope that helps!


Hi Gmatninja

as per the context of the passage, what is the difference between "sensibility" and "consciousness" ?

dictionary definition of "sensibility" : the quality of being able to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences; sensitivity.

dictionary definition of "consciousness" : the state of being aware of and responsive to one's surroundings.

now, both the definitions seem fine as per the given context of the passage, so your reasoning regarding the difference between the two words seems a little weird.

please explain as soon as you can.

Regards,
Show more
As we said in our previous post, the best reason to eliminate (C) is that the question asks about the SCHOLARS’ beliefs, not the AUTHOR’S beliefs. For that reason, (C) is undoubtedly wrong.

However, we also noted that the use of the word “sensibility” is questionable because while the words “consciousness” and “sensibility” possess similar meanings, they do not mean the same thing in the context of the passage.

When the author indicates that the African American community was conscious of its “identity, strength, and sense of history,” he/she simply means that the community was aware of these factors. However, to say that the African American community possessed a sensibility implies not only an awareness, but also a response to emotional or aesthetic stimuli, which is not the author’s apparent intention.

In short, the distinction between “sensibility” and “consciousness” is definitely not the best reason to eliminate (C), but the use of the former in place of the latter is certainly questionable.

I hope that helps!
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 11 Mar 2021, 02:59
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Explanation for Question #3 below! :)

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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 24 Mar 2021, 23:09
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Explanation for Question #4:

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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 02 Apr 2021, 02:45
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can you plz help me with this question
2. The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?
(D) They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture.
in question it is asked how ''African American people RESPONDED'' but the answer talks about that they became aware but becoming aware of something does not tell us about how they RESPONDED.
THANK YOU
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 09 Apr 2021, 17:33
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Question 2


honey1
can you plz help me with this question
2. The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?
(D) They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture.
in question it is asked how ''African American people RESPONDED'' but the answer talks about that they became aware but becoming aware of something does not tell us about how they RESPONDED.
THANK YOU
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To respond to an experience just means to have a reaction to that experience.

Imagine that you are walking down your street and fall into an open sinkhole. You might react to this scenario by becoming more aware of your surroundings when you walk down your street the next time.

So, the new awareness that many African Americans gained after serving in the Armed Forces IS a reaction, or response, to their experience.

I hope that helps!
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 02 Aug 2021, 00:19
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honey1
can you plz help me with this question
2. The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?
(D) They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture.
in question it is asked how ''African American people RESPONDED'' but the answer talks about that they became aware but becoming aware of something does not tell us about how they RESPONDED.
THANK YOU
To respond to an experience just means to have a reaction to that experience.

Imagine that you are walking down your street and fall into an open sinkhole. You might react to this scenario by becoming more aware of your surroundings when you walk down your street the next time.

So, the new awareness that many African Americans gained after serving in the Armed Forces IS a reaction, or response, to their experience.

I hope that helps!
Show more

Hi GMATNinja

I did not pick D because I thought its not the experience of African American people but rather Anthony F. C.

"Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture’s expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills longstanding expectations."
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 17 Aug 2021, 07:55
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Question 2


Teitsuya
GMATNinja
honey1
can you plz help me with this question
2. The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?
(D) They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture.
in question it is asked how ''African American people RESPONDED'' but the answer talks about that they became aware but becoming aware of something does not tell us about how they RESPONDED.
THANK YOU
To respond to an experience just means to have a reaction to that experience.

Imagine that you are walking down your street and fall into an open sinkhole. You might react to this scenario by becoming more aware of your surroundings when you walk down your street the next time.

So, the new awareness that many African Americans gained after serving in the Armed Forces IS a reaction, or response, to their experience.

I hope that helps!

Hi GMATNinja

I did not pick D because I thought its not the experience of African American people but rather Anthony F. C.

"Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture’s expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills longstanding expectations."
Show more
Anthony F. C. Wallace is an anthropologist who studies societies and cultures. It’s Wallace’s opinion that a certain phenomenon occurs when there is a gap between the reality of a culture and the culture’s expectations.

The passage suggests that many African Americans became aware of the gap between their expectations and reality earlier in the second paragraph. It notes that they joined the armed forces with enthusiasm, but quickly found “themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.” In this instance, the passage suggests that many African Americans “became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture.”

For that reason, (D) is the best answer choice.

I hope that helps!
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 07 Nov 2021, 03:46
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Question 1

According to the passage, which of the following contributed to Marcus Garvey's success?

(A) He introduced cultural and historical consciousness to the African American community. The passage state that the consciousness already was in existence.

(B) He believed enthusiastically in the traditional American success ethos. No such thing has been stated.

(C) His audience had already formed a consciousness that made it receptive to his message. The passage states, “consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community” and that “he gave this consciousness its political expression.”

(D) His message appealed to critics of African American support for United States military involvement in the First World War. No such thing has been stated.

(E) He supported the movement to protest segregation that had emerged prior to his arrival in the United States. No such thing has been stated.


Question 2

The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?

(A) They maintained as civilians their enthusiastic allegiance to the armed forces. What they did as civilians cannot be inferred.

(B) They questioned United States involvement in the First World War. All that has been mentioned is that they found themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities. What is mentioned in this option cannot be inferred.

(C) They joined political organizations to protest the segregation of African American troops and the indignities they suffered in the military. No such thing has been mentioned or can be inferred.

(D) They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture. The passage states, “…only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.” This implies that there was a gap between what they had expected and what turned out to be the reality.

(E) They repudiated Garvey's message of pride and unity. We can’t infer that they repudiated or accepted Garvey’s message.


Question 3

It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in the highlight text believe which of the following to be true?

(A) Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War. This connection cannot be drawn.

(B) Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States. This question asks us to select something that the scholars believe to be true, not something that the author of the passage believes to be true. Those scholars believe "that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built the largest revitalization movement in African American history." Thus, we can infer that those scholars would believe that Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes.

(C) The prevailing sensibility of the African American community provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey’s political appeal. Nowhere does the author refer to the prevailing sensibility of the African American community.

(D) Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American community. The scholars felt that he created the consciousness, not that he hoped to revitalize it.

(E) The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans. The scholars have not referred to any goal.


Question 4

According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons?

(A) They wished to escape worsening economic conditions in African American communities. Nothing connected to this has been stated.

(B) They expected to fulfill ideals of personal attainment. The phrase, “Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success” tells us that this is the answer.

(C) They sought to express their loyalty to the United States. No reference to loyalty to the United States.

(D) They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation. The passage states that the soldiers “returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war” but no reference to advancing the cause of desegregation.

(E) They saw military service as an opportunity to fulfill Marcus Garvey’s political vision. No such connection has been stated.

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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 01 Feb 2022, 02:15
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GMATNinja
KarishmaB

For Q4, My understanding from your explanation why D is wrong because the timeline doesn't add up.
Look at this line - "They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war"
So the segregation existed even before the war. And "Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success" - From this line we can infer that they were expecting no segregation but were shocked after realising the gap btw their expectation and reality. Overall they wanted desegregation. Then why D is wrong?

Also How B is correct?

Thank you!

GMATNinja

Question 4


soumya170293
for Q 4 :

Could anyone please explain how to eliminate option D ? Thanks in advance .
The relevant piece of the passage is the first sentence of the second paragraph:
Quote:
Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.
From this, it is clear that many African American people joined the armed forces because they "hop[ed] to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success." AFTER they joined, however, they found that they were segregated from white troops. Then, AFTER they returned from the war, they found that the United States was also still segregated.

This timeline doesn't add up with answer choice (D), which states that African Americans joined the armed forces because they "hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation." The passage only discusses segregation in the time after African American people decided to join the armed forces. Fighting for desegregation is not given as a reason that they decided to join in the first place.

(D) is not supported by the timeline presented in the passage, so it is not the correct answer to question #4.

I hope that helps!
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 02 Feb 2022, 01:48
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GMATNinja
KarishmaB

For Q4, My understanding from your explanation why D is wrong because the timeline doesn't add up.
Look at this line - "They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war"
So the segregation existed even before the war. And "Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success" - From this line we can infer that they were expecting no segregation but were shocked after realising the gap btw their expectation and reality. Overall they wanted desegregation. Then why D is wrong?

Also How B is correct?

Thank you!

GMATNinja

Question 4


soumya170293
for Q 4 :

Could anyone please explain how to eliminate option D ? Thanks in advance .
The relevant piece of the passage is the first sentence of the second paragraph:
Quote:
Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.
From this, it is clear that many African American people joined the armed forces because they "hop[ed] to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success." AFTER they joined, however, they found that they were segregated from white troops. Then, AFTER they returned from the war, they found that the United States was also still segregated.

This timeline doesn't add up with answer choice (D), which states that African Americans joined the armed forces because they "hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation." The passage only discusses segregation in the time after African American people decided to join the armed forces. Fighting for desegregation is not given as a reason that they decided to join in the first place.

(D) is not supported by the timeline presented in the passage, so it is not the correct answer to question #4.

I hope that helps!
Show more

Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm

They entered the armed forces because they hoped to get individual glory in the war. If they returned as war heroes, they expected that their status would change (desegregation would be just a part of it).
But when they returned they found nothing had changed. They were not war heroes. There was no glory. Just the same old behaviour in the army and segregation after returning. What motivated them was not desegregation but personal success as it given.

4. According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons?

(B) They expected to fulfill ideals of personal attainment.

Correct

(D) They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation.

We are given that they joined the army because they hoped for personal success. We are not given that they had desegregation on their mind.


Answer (B)
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 20 Feb 2022, 00:11
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Official Explanation

1. According to the passage, which of the following contributed to Marcus Garvey's success?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Explanation

Supporting idea

To answer this question, find what the passage states explicitly about how Marcus Garvey achieved his success. The passage begins by stating that Garvey arrived at the right time: that returning African American soldiers were primed to receive what he had to say about the African American community. These soldiers already held strong beliefs about their rights to opportunities for success; the passage concludes that the divide between the soldiers’ expectations and their experiences led to Garvey’s success.

A. The passage states that African American people were in possession of a strong cultural and historical consciousness prior to Garvey’s arrival in the United States.

B. The passage attributes belief in the traditional American success ethos to African American people who joined the armed forces; it does not mention Garvey’s beliefs on this subject.

C. Correct. African American soldiers who had experienced segregation during the First World War were ready to hear what Garvey had to say.

D. Critics of African American support for United States involvement in the First World War are not mentioned in the passage.

E. While Garvey most likely would have supported a movement to protest segregation, such a movement is not discussed in the passage.

The correct answer is C.
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 20 Feb 2022, 00:15
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Official Explanation

2. The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Explanation

Inference

According to the passage, African Americans enthusiastically joined the armed services but were confronted with continued segregation, both in the military and when they returned home. The passage does not explicitly state their response to these experiences, but a response can be inferred. The second paragraph refers to anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace, who argued that a revitalization movement may be brought about by the perception of a gap between expectations and reality, and such a revitalization did occur in African American communities following the First World War; thus, many African American people may have become aware of a gap such as Wallace described.

A. The passage states that African American troops experienced segregation and other indignities while in the military; these experiences could reasonably be inferred to have dampened their enthusiasm for the armed forces. Regardless, the passage does not suggest an enthusiastic allegiance.

B. The passage describes African American people’s enthusiasm about joining the military. Although they experienced segregation and other indignities while in the military, the passage does not suggest that their opinion about involvement in the war changed.

C. While African American troops may have joined political organizations, the passage does not provide any actual evidence of this having occurred.

D. Correct. The fact that, as the passage states, a revitalization movement occurred in the African American community following the First World War suggests that the returning soldiers did become aware of the gap between their expectations of an improved situation with regard to segregation and the reality of continued segregation in the United States.

E. The passage does not suggest that African American troops repudiated Garvey’s message. On the contrary, it states that Garvey built the largest revitalization movement in African American history. This suggests that the members of the African American community, including the returning soldiers, were extremely receptive to Garvey’s message.

The correct answer is D.
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 20 Feb 2022, 00:19
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Official Explanation

3. It can be inferred from the passage that the “scholars” mentioned in the highlight text believe which of the following to be true?

Difficulty Level: Hard

Explanation

Inference

To determine what it is logical to infer regarding the scholars discussed in the third paragraph, look at the context in which they are mentioned. According to the passage, these scholars argue that Garvey wasresponsible for creating a particular consciousness within the African American community, a consciousness that the passage identifies as identity, strength, and [a] sense of history. Unlike the passage author, these scholars believe strongly in Garvey’s responsibility for this consciousness, so they would most likely reject any suggestion that it existed prior to his arrival and activism.

A. According to the passage, the scholars believe that Garvey was responsible for the creation of the consciousness that led to revitalization, which suggests that revitalization resulted from Garvey’s activism, not soldiers’ activism.

B. Correct. According to the passage, the scholars believe that Garvey created the consciousness that led to his revitalization movement. This suggests that he had to change prevailing attitudes in order to foster this new consciousness.

C. According to the passage, the scholars believe that Garvey created a new consciousness in the African American community; thus, the prevailing sensibility could not have provided a foundation for his appeal.

D. According to the passage, the scholars believe that Garvey built his revitalization movement on a new consciousness of cultural and historical identity, not a previously existing one.

E. According to the passage, the scholars’ position is that Garvey’s movement was built on a new sense of pride and unity that he provided, and that that sense did not precede Garvey’s work.

The correct answer is B.
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 20 Feb 2022, 00:22
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Official Explanation

4. According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Explanation

Supporting idea

This question depends on identifying what the passage states directly about African American people’s reasons for joining the armed forces. The reason offered by the passage is that the African American people who entered the armed forces did so because they were hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success.

A. Although this is a plausible reason for entering the armed forces, the passage does not discuss economic conditions.

B. Correct. The passage states that African American people who joined the armed forces during the First World War wanted to achieve individual success.

C. The passage does not discuss African American people’s loyalty to the United States.

D. The passage states that African American troops experienced segregation, but it does not suggest that they had hoped their joining the military would promote desegregation.

E. The passage suggests that African American troops did not become aware of Marcus Garvey’s political vision until after they returned from the First World War.

The correct answer is B.
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 12 Apr 2025, 03:58
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hi all, Question 2... the phrase "repudiated" does not seem to be a common word and I thought it meant "agreed with" and picked option E (after elimination I was left with D and E), in cases when there is a vocabulary gap what is the best way to proceed?
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 19 Apr 2025, 13:56
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AnuK2222
hi all, Question 2... the phrase "repudiated" does not seem to be a common word and I thought it meant "agreed with" and picked option E (after elimination I was left with D and E), in cases when there is a vocabulary gap what is the best way to proceed?
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That's a tough break. You were down to two choices: one that you completely understand (choice D) and one with a word you aren't sure about (choice E).

If you aren't sure what "repudiate" means, then you can't really analyze (E) properly. How can you decide whether to eliminate (E) if you aren't even sure what it means?

In that case, you have to rely on your analysis of the one you DO understand (choice D). Do you have any reason to eliminate that one? Hopefully not. So stick with that one rather than hoping that "repudiate" means what you think it means.

Similarly, if you're down to (1) a choice that you understand and think should be eliminated and (2) a choice that you DON'T understand, eliminate the first and go with the one you don't understand.

In short, rely on your analysis of the options that you DO understand, not your analysis of the options you do NOT understand.

I hope that helps!
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When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United 09 May 2026, 02:41
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