Records reveal that of physical therapy patients who received less than six weeks of treatment, about 31 percent showed major improvement, regardless of whether they were treated by a general practitioner or by a specialist. Of patients who received physical therapy for a longer time, again regardless of whether they were treated by a general practitioner or by a specialist, about 50 percent showed major improvement. Therefore, the choice between seeing a specialist or a general practitioner for necessary physical therapy will not affect one's chances of major improvement.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argumentThe argument compares general practitioners and specialists only by treatment length. But it does not consider that different types of injuries may respond better to different types of practitioners.
The overall rates can be the same while the best choice for a particular injury still differs.
(A) presumes, without providing justification, that effectiveness of different practitioners in bringing about major improvement cannot differ at all if their effectiveness in bringing about any improvement does not differ
This is incorrect. The argument is about major improvement, not merely any improvement.
(B) provides no information about the kinds of injuries that require short-term as opposed to long-term treatment
This is close but not precise enough. The flaw is not just about short-term versus long-term injuries, but about whether different practitioners are better for different injuries.
(C) overlooks the possibility that patients are more strongly biased to report favorably on one of the two types of medical professionals than on the other
This is unsupported. The passage refers to records of improvement, not necessarily self-reported patient opinions.
(D) fails to indicate whether the number of patients surveyed who saw a general practitioner was equal to the number who saw a specialist
This does not by itself weaken the reasoning. Equal sample sizes are not required if the percentage comparisons are reliable.
(E) overlooks the possibility that specialists and general practitioners each tend to excel at treating a different type of injury
This is correct. If specialists are better for some injuries and general practitioners are better for others, then the general statistics do not prove that the choice of practitioner will never affect a patient’s chances of
major improvement.
Answer: (E)