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Bunuel MathRevolution , can you explain this?
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Bunuel MathRevolution , can you explain this?

What is the sum of all the possible prime numbers p such that \(p^2 +8\) is also a prime number?

A. 3
B. 47
C. 32
D. 12
E. 21

Every prime number greater than 3 can be expressed as either 6k + 1 or 6k - 1, for some integer k > 1 (Note that not all numbers expressed in this way are primes, so the converse of this property is not true. For example, 25 = 6 * 4 + 1, which is not a prime number).

If p is of the form 6k + 1, then \(p^2 + 8 = (6k + 1)^2 + 8 = 3(12k^2 + 4k + 3)\). Since this expression is a multiple of 3 greater than 3, and the only prime that is a multiple of 3 is 3 itself, 3(12k^2 + 4k + 3) cannot be prime.

If p is of the form 6k - 1, then \(p^2 + 8 = (6k - 1)^2 + 8 = 3(12k^2 - 4k + 3)\). Since this expression is a multiple of 3 greater than 3, and the only prime that is a multiple of 3 is 3 itself, 3(12k^2 - 4k + 3) cannot be prime.

Thus, p cannot be any prime greater than 3 (since we accounted for all primes greater than 3). Checking for p = 2 and p = 3, we find that only p = 3 results in a prime for p^2 + 8, which is 17. Therefore, the only possible value of p is 3.

Answer: A.
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