Tough, Tough passage!
Took 19 minutes to read and answer all questions correctly.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the classical theory of social movement would not be appropriately applied to an annual general election because such an electionRefer line 13:
Each conforms to a causal sequence characteristic of classical social movement theory, linking some unusual condition, or “system strain,” to the generation of unrest"Unusual condition" is a must for classical theories. Option (B) states this condition:
(B) is not provoked primarily by an unusual condition2. According to the passage, the “rising expectations” and “relative deprivation” models differ in which one of the following ways?Refer lines 23-34:
For example, the theory of rising expectations asserts that protest activity was a response to psychological tensions generated by gains experienced immediately prior to the civil rights movement. Advancement did not satisfy ambition, but created the desire for further advancement. Only slightly different is the theory of relative deprivation. Here the impetus to protest is identified as gains achieved during the premovement period, coupled with simultaneous failure to make any appreciable headway relative to the dominant group.The two theories are basically the same, with the only difference that I can observe being timing of the "disappointment regarding progress"
The first theory seems to suggest that people were disappointed with the advancement AFTER some time. Second theory seems to indicate that disappointment ALONG with gains achieved.
Opting (D) seems the safe choice. Other choices are a bit too strong.
(D) They describe the motivation of protesters in slightly different ways3. The author implies that political theorists attribute which one of the following assumptions to social psychologists who apply the classical theory of social movements to the civil rights movement?This is a tough question! It's really between option (D) and (E).
(D) The political ends of movement participants are
best analyzed in terms of participants’ psychological motivations.
(E) Psychological motivations of movement participants better illuminate the causes of social movements than do participants’ political motivations.
In option D, can we really say "best analyzed"? It seems too extreme! Go for option E!
4. Which one of the following statements is supported by the results of the “better test” discussed in the last paragraph of the passage?This is a relatively easy question
A better test is the comparison of each of these economic indicators with the frequency of movement-initiated events reported in the press; unsurprisingly, none correlates significantly with the pace of reports about movement activity.It is clear that this better test doesn't provide much support to any of the three classical theories discussed.
Option B is the obvious answer.
(B) The test provides no basis for deciding among the three classical theories discussed in the passage.5. The validity of the “better test” (line 65) as proposed by the author might be undermined by the fact thatAnother tough question
A better test is the comparison of each of these economic indicators with the frequency of movement-initiated events reported in the press; unsurprisingly, none correlates significantly with the pace of reports about movement activity.(A) the press is selective about the movement activities it chooses to cover
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If the press is selective about the movement activities it chooses to cover, then authors observation - unsurprisingly, none correlates significantly with the pace of reports about movement activity. becomes doubtful. Keep A.(B) not all economic indicators receive the same amount of press coverage
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Tempting. But it doesn't matter whether economic indicators receive coverage; What matters is the movement activities receive similar coverage.(C) economic indicators often contradict one another
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What about movement activities? If economic indicators often contradict one another, then it would be EASIER to decide what led to movement! Eliminate. (D) a movement-initiated event may not correlate significantly with any of the three economic indicators
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Ok, but are most movement-initiated events like that? We can't say. Eliminate.(E) the pace of movement-initiated events is difficult to anticipate
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We don't need to anticipate. We need to co-relate the press reports with economic indicators. Eliminate. (A) seems to be only viable option.
6. The main purpose of the passage is toFinally! Another easy question!
(A) persuade historians of the indispensability of a theoretical framework for understanding recent history
- Author isn't trying to persuade the historians. (B) present a new model of social movement
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No new model is presented.(C) account for a shift in a theoretical debate
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There is no shift in debate.(D) show the unity underlying the diverse classical models of social movement
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This is only a partial purpose.(E) discuss the reasoning behind and shortcomings of certain social psychological theories
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Correct.E is the right option.