Years after the movement to obtain civil rights for black people in th

Hi everyone,
Took 13:20 minutes and got 5/6 correct. Took 5:30 minutes to read, write down paragraphs summaries and main point formulation.

P1: New theories of social movements
P2: 3 theories and their mechanism
P3: 3 theories described
P4: Complaints by the political theorists
P5: How the theories should be validated

MP: Present 3 theories and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of those

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1. It can be inferred from the passage that the classical theory of social movement would not be appropriately applied to an annual general election because such an election

Pre-thinking:
We know that the classical theory of social movements goes against the 3 theories discussed in P2.
Now Each of those theories talks about an unusual condition prior to any development. Hence let's infer that the classical theory does not entail any unusual condition.

(A) may focus on personalities rather than on political issues
Personalities are outside of the scope. Hence incorrect

(B) is not provoked primarily by an unusual condition
In line with pre-thinking. Hence correct

(C) may be decided according to the psychological needs of voters
Cannot be inferred as a difference from the information given. Hence incorrect

(D) may not entail momentous developments
Very vague answer and it does not clearly shows as a difference. hence incorrect

(E) actually entails two or more distinct social movements
Cannot be inferred from the given information. Hence incorrect

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2. According to the passage, the “rising expectations” and “relative deprivation” models differ in which one of the following ways?

Pre-thinking:
Looking at paragraph 3 we can find the main difference: "coupled with simultaneous failure to make any
appreciable headway relative to the dominant
group."

(A) They predict different responses to the same socioeconomic conditions.
Same responses actually. Hence incorrect

(B) They disagree about the relevance of psychological explanations for protest movements.
Not mentioned. Hence incorrect

(C) They are meant to explain different kinds of social change.
No. They all want to explain the same social change. Hence incorrect

(D) They describe the motivation of protesters in slightly different ways.
Yes. We need to make an inference here. In the first theory the motivation comes from getting more and more. In the second case the motivation comes always from further gains but is associated with failures. Hence correct

(E) They disagree about the relevance of socioeconomic status to system strain.
Never mentioned. hence incorrect

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3. The author implies that political theorists attribute which one of the following assumptions to social psychologists who apply the classical theory of social movements to the civil rights movement?

Pre-thinking:
Lets have a look at P4 where this is discussed:"Their arguments rest on the conviction
that, implicitly, the classical theory trivializes the
political ends of movement participants, focusing
rather on presumed psychological dysfunctions;"

It seems that the mistake is to not consider at all the political ends and to focus only on PD

(A) Participants in any given social movement have conflicting motivations.
Too general and it does not addresses the matter at hand. Hence incorrect

(B) Social movements are ultimately beneficial to society.
Never mentioned. Hence incorrect

(C) Only strain of a socioeconomic nature can provoke a social movement.
To extreme and never mentioned. Hence incorrect

(D) The political ends of movement participants are best analyzed in terms of participants’ psychological motivations.
Political ends are not considered at all. Hence incorrect

(E) Psychological motivations of movement participants better illuminate the causes of social movements than do participants’ political motivations.
In line with pre-thinking. Hence correct

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4. Which one of the following statements is supported by the results of the “better test” discussed in the last paragraph of the passage?

Pre-thinking:
The better test is a test that shows correlation between actions and results. It seems that such correlation didn't show up when analyzing the theories.

(A) The test confirms the three classical theories discussed in the passage.
Opposite. Hence incorrect

(B) The test provides no basis for deciding among the three classical theories discussed in the passage.
In line with pre-thinking.hence corret

(C) The test shows that it is impossible to apply any theory of social movements to the civil rights movement.
Not according to the passage. Hence incorrect

(D) The test indicates that press coverage of the civil rights movement was biased.
Press coverage is not at issue. Hence incorrect

(E) The test verifies that the civil rights movement generated socioeconomic progress.
The test should test the theories not the accuracy of the results. Hence incorrect

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5. The validity of the “better test” (line 65) as proposed by the author might be undermined by the fact that

Pre-thinking:
The press coverage was somehow not accurate, biased.

(A) the press is selective about the movement activities it chooses to cover
If the press does not cover those movements the test inevitably can't be accurate. Hence correct

(B) not all economic indicators receive the same amount of press coverage
Press coverage reports events not economic indicators. Hence incorrect

(C) economic indicators often contradict one another
Irrelevant to the discussion.Hence incorrect

(D) a movement-initiated event may not correlate significantly with any of the three economic indicators
If so the test would show no correlation and it would still be accurate. Hence incorrect

(E) the pace of movement-initiated events is difficult to anticipate
No matter if so because the important factor is that the movement-initiated event is reported by the press. Hence incorrect

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6. The main purpose of the passage is to

Pre-thinking:
Refer to main point above to analyze the answer choices.

(A) persuade historians of the indispensability of a theoretical framework for understanding recent history
No attempt at persuading. Hence incorrect

(B) present a new model of social movement
No new model presented. Hence incorrect

(C) account for a shift in a theoretical debate
No shift. Hence incorrect

(D) show the unity underlying the diverse classical models of social movement
Partial scope. Hence incorrect

(E) discuss the reasoning behind and shortcomings of certain social psychological theories
Correct since the theories are analyzed and the shortcomings are presented. Hence correct

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