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Updated on: 21 Apr 2026, 04:58 
Must be true: Before scanner access was assigned for the excavation, the field director had already submitted an access request and obtained authorization.
Must be false: The official survey phase began before scanner access had been assigned.
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Two-Part Analysis - Non Math/Medium
At an archaeological excavation, the use of a ground-penetrating scanner follows a required sequence. Before anyone on the excavation team may use the scanner, the field director must submit an access request and obtain authorization. After authorization is granted, scanner access may be assigned, and only then may the scanner be released for use. The survey phase of the excavation does not officially begin until the scanner has been released. Team members may use the scanner only during the official survey phase. Once the survey phase ends, regular excavation in the trench cannot resume until the scanner has been returned to secured storage.
The field director obtained authorization, had scanner access assigned for the excavation, and ensured that both the director and the excavation team complied with all requirements stated above.
Select for Must be true the statement that must be true given the information provided and select for Must be false the statement that must be false given the information provided. Make only two selections, one in each column.
| Must be true | Must be false | |
| The scanner was returned to secured storage on the same day the survey phase ended. | ||
| Authorization was granted less than 24 hours after the access request was submitted. | ||
| Before scanner access was assigned for the excavation, the field director had already submitted an access request and obtained authorization. | ||
| The official survey phase began before scanner access had been assigned. | ||
| At least two members of the excavation team used the scanner during the survey phase. |
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Official Answer
Must be true: Before scanner access was assigned for the excavation, the field director had already submitted an access request and obtained authorization.
Must be false: The official survey phase began before scanner access had been assigned.
Bunuel
Must be true:
• Before scanner access was assigned for the excavation, the field director had already submitted an access request and obtained authorization.
Why:
The setup says that the field director obtained authorization and had scanner access assigned for the excavation. Under the stated sequence, scanner access could be assigned only after an access request had been submitted and authorization had been obtained. Therefore, those two steps must already have occurred.
Must be false:
• The official survey phase began before scanner access had been assigned.
Why:
The official survey phase could not begin until the scanner had been released for use, and the scanner could not be released until after scanner access had been assigned. So the survey phase could not have begun before scanner access had been assigned. Since all requirements were followed, this statement must be false.
Neither true nor false:
• The scanner was returned to secured storage on the same day the survey phase ended.
Why:
The setup tells us that the scanner had to be returned before regular excavation resumed, but it does not tell us whether the scanner was returned that same day or later.
• Authorization was granted less than 24 hours after the access request was submitted.
Why:
The setup tells us that authorization was obtained, but it gives no information about how much time passed between the request and the authorization.
• At least two members of the excavation team used the scanner during the survey phase.
Why:
The setup tells us only when team members were allowed to use the scanner. It does not tell us how many team members actually used it.
Takeaway
In sequence-based logic questions like this, the key is to track the order of events with complete precision and to distinguish carefully between what must happen before something else, what may happen after it, and what is not specified at all. It is also important to separate statements that are forced by the sequence from statements that are merely possible, because a statement can fit the facts without being required by them.
What This Question Tests
This is a non-math-related two-part analysis question testing formal logic, sequential reasoning, conditional rules, and careful control of what must be true, must be false, or cannot be determined. It also tests whether you can follow a chain of required steps precisely and avoid bringing in assumptions that go beyond the information given.
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