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During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka

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During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka [#permalink] During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka   03 May 2021, 03:30
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During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Karthusia, and about the same number of Karthusian soldiers died in battle. On the basis of these figures, it can be hypothesized that it was just as life-threatening to be a Karthusian civilian at that time as it was to be a Karthusian soldier.

Which of the following, if it could be carried out, would be most useful in an evaluation of the above hypothesis?


A. Separating between civilian deaths directly related to the war and civilian deaths not related to the war such as deaths caused by old age or natural causes

B. Comparing the percentage of death rates in each group rather than comparing the total numbers of deaths

C. Adding the number of war-related injuries in each group to the number of deaths

D. Comparing the number of deaths among male civilians with the number of deaths among Karthusian soldiers

E. Comparing the number of deaths among Karthusian civilians with the number of deaths among civilians in countries Karthusia was at war with during that time
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Re: During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka [#permalink] During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka   10 May 2021, 08:00
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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION



During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Karthusia, and about the same number of Karthusian soldiers died in battle. On the basis of these figures, it can be hypothesized that it was just as life-threatening to be a Karthusian civilian at that time as it was to be a Karthusian soldier.

Which of the following, if it could be carried out, would be most useful in an evaluation of the above hypothesis?


A. Separating between civilian deaths directly related to the war and civilian deaths not related to the war such as deaths caused by old age or natural causes

Incorrect.

In this variation of Investigation questions, you are required to find which method of investigation will be most useful in evaluating the conclusion. To do so, first break down the argument. The first sentence is factual - a premise. The second sentence uses the conclusion phrase hypothesized that, marking it as the conclusion:

    Premise: In the Jenovian War the same number of Karthusian civilians and Karthusian soldiers died
    =
    Hypothesis: it was just as dangerous being a Karthusian civilian as it was being a Karthusian soldier

    Relevant Investigation: ?

The correct answer is a method of investigation which could support or weaken the conclusion depending on its outcome, i.e., an investigation that tests the most crucial factor.

This answer choice suggests a separation which would not shed any light on the comparison between the civilians and the soldiers. Even if all 128,000 civilians died of old age that would not change the fact that they died during the war. Since the conclusion is about danger to one's life at that time and not "because of the war", we cannot separate war and non-war causes of death.


B. Comparing the percentage of death rates in each group rather than comparing the total numbers of deaths

The above hypothesis relies on the assumption that the number of civilians and the number of soldiers was about the same. If the assumption is invalid - for example, if there had been at that time 200,000 Karthusian soldiers and 10,000,000 Karthusian civilians - then the similar number of deaths does not reflect a similar level of danger.

Comparing percentages rather than total numbers allows a valid comparison of two groups that are not the same size.


C. Adding the number of war-related injuries in each group to the number of deaths

Incorrect.

In this variation of Investigation questions, you are required to find which method of investigation will be most useful in evaluating the conclusion. To do so, first break down the argument. The first sentence is factual - a premise. The second sentence uses the conclusion phrase hypothesized that, marking it as the conclusion:

    Premise: In the Jenovian War the same number of Karthusian civilians and Karthusian soldiers died
    =
    Hypothesis: it was just as dangerous being a Karthusian civilian as it was being a Karthusian soldier

    Relevant Investigation: ?

The correct answer is a method of investigation which could support or weaken the conclusion depending on its outcome, i.e., an investigation that tests the most crucial factor.

Mixing deaths with injuries in this comparison, as suggested by this answer choice, will not help evaluate the conclusion as the conclusion revolves around the risk of death (life-threatening).


D. Comparing the number of deaths among male civilians with the number of deaths among Karthusian soldiers

Incorrect.

While it is possible that most Karthusian soldiers were men, comparing civilian men and soldiers would not helps us affirm or disprove the hypothesis that civilians of any kind - be it infant, child, man or woman - were under the same threat to their lives as were Karthusian soldiers during the war.


E. Comparing the number of deaths among Karthusian civilians with the number of deaths among civilians in countries Karthusia was at war with during that time

Incorrect.

This answer choice does not provide a method of analyzing the hypothesis as it deals with deaths among civilians only. Instead of comparing Karthusian civilians with Karthusian soldiers, it compares Karthusian civilians with civilians in other countries.
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Re: During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka [#permalink] During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka   03 May 2021, 04:12
1) UNDERSTAND THE PASSAGE

CONCLUSION - Jenovian war was just as life-threatening to be a Karthusian civilian at that time as it was to be a Karthusian soldier

2) PRETHINKING

In what scenario - Jenowian war was not just as life threatening to a Karthusian civilian as it was to a Karthusian soldier

Given that - Same number of civilians and soldiers (Karthusian) died in during the war

Falsification Question - % of deaths of civilians is different from the % of deaths in the soldiers

Therefore the assumption is - % of deaths of Karthusian civilians during the war is same as the % of deaths of Karthusian soldiers.

3) ANSWER CHOICE ANALYSIS -

A) Not talked about in the passage
B) Inline with our assumption
C) Injuries not talked about in the passage
D) Male civilians not talked about in the passage
E) Other countries not related to the argument
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Re: During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka [#permalink] During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka   07 May 2021, 06:08
During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Karthusia, and about the same number of Karthusian soldiers died in battle. On the basis of these figures, it can be hypothesized that it was just as life-threatening to be a Karthusian civilian at that time as it was to be a Karthusian soldier.

Which of the following, if it could be carried out, would be most useful in an evaluation of the above hypothesis?


A. Separating between civilian deaths directly related to the war and civilian deaths not related to the war such as deaths caused by old age or natural causes Incorrect

it is not related with soldier's death

B. Comparing the percentage of death rates in each group rather than comparing the total numbers of deaths Correct

it can explain which group is in more life threatening situation

C. Adding the number of war-related injuries in each group to the number of deaths Incorrect

war-related injuries are irrelevant

D. Comparing the number of deaths among male civilians with the number of deaths among Karthusian soldiers Incorrect

it ignore other war related deaths

E. Comparing the number of deaths among Karthusian civilians with the number of deaths among civilians in countries Karthusia was at war with during that time Incorrect

opponents countries war related deaths are irrelevant
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Re: During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka [#permalink] During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka   26 Sep 2024, 02:11
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Re: During the Jenovian War, about 128,000 Karthusian civilians died in Ka [#permalink]
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