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Difficulty:
45%
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67% (01:37) correct
33%
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It has long been thought that lizards evolves from a group of amphibians called anthracosaurs, no fossils of which have been found in any rocks older than 300 million years. However, a fossil of a lizard was recently found that is estimated to be 340 million years old. Lizards could not have evolved from creatures that did not exist until after the first lizards. Therefore, lizards could not have evolved from anthracosaurs.
An assumption made in the argument is that there are no
(A) unknown anthracosaur fossils older than 340 million years
(B) unknown lizard fossils older than 340 million years
(C) known lizard fossils that predate some anthracosaur fossils
(D) known anthracosaur fossils that predate some lizard fossils
(E) known lizard fossils whose age is uncertain
An assumption made in the argument is that there are no
(A) unknown anthracosaur fossils older than 340 million years
(B) unknown lizard fossils older than 340 million years
(C) known lizard fossils that predate some anthracosaur fossils
(D) known anthracosaur fossils that predate some lizard fossils
(E) known lizard fossils whose age is uncertain
18 Apr 2020, 01:37
Kudos
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Lets understand the argument through a timeline.
----------340Years old-------------------300Years Old--------------------present-----------------
(lizard fossil do exist) (Known anthracosaurs fossil exists) (Analyising the evolution of lizards)
Reasoning: Since no anthracosaurs fossil predates lizard fossil, lizards can't have evolved from something that came to existence much later than itself.
if something makes us believe that anthracosaurs existed before the oldest traced lizard then conclusion will suffocate.
Assumption: There doesn't exist any 340 years old anthracosaurs fossil or evidence that is not yet excavated or found.
Ques. Stem: An assumption made in the argument is that there are no
A) unknown anthracosaur fossils older than 340 million years - This is inline with the thought that no such fossil exist. If we negate this the conclusion will fall apart as it wont be able to claim lizards have not evolved from anthracosaur.
(B) unknown lizard fossils older than 340 million years - irrelevant, single evidence of 340 years old lizard is enough to evaluate the evolution if anthracosaur existence before lizards is not proved. on negating this still the conclusion stands strong.
(C) known lizard fossils that predate some anthracosaur fossils - Irrelevant; even if there are some it doesn't gives a proof that A evolved from B. It will be like some dogs fossil predates rabbits. Not even linked.
(D) known anthracosaur fossils that predate some lizard fossils - Irrelevant: again "some".
(E) known lizard fossils whose age is uncertain - Inconsistent: If anthracosaur would be there instead of lizards it could have been the potential contender.
----------340Years old-------------------300Years Old--------------------present-----------------
(lizard fossil do exist) (Known anthracosaurs fossil exists) (Analyising the evolution of lizards)
Reasoning: Since no anthracosaurs fossil predates lizard fossil, lizards can't have evolved from something that came to existence much later than itself.
if something makes us believe that anthracosaurs existed before the oldest traced lizard then conclusion will suffocate.
Assumption: There doesn't exist any 340 years old anthracosaurs fossil or evidence that is not yet excavated or found.
Ques. Stem: An assumption made in the argument is that there are no
A) unknown anthracosaur fossils older than 340 million years - This is inline with the thought that no such fossil exist. If we negate this the conclusion will fall apart as it wont be able to claim lizards have not evolved from anthracosaur.
(B) unknown lizard fossils older than 340 million years - irrelevant, single evidence of 340 years old lizard is enough to evaluate the evolution if anthracosaur existence before lizards is not proved. on negating this still the conclusion stands strong.
(C) known lizard fossils that predate some anthracosaur fossils - Irrelevant; even if there are some it doesn't gives a proof that A evolved from B. It will be like some dogs fossil predates rabbits. Not even linked.
(D) known anthracosaur fossils that predate some lizard fossils - Irrelevant: again "some".
(E) known lizard fossils whose age is uncertain - Inconsistent: If anthracosaur would be there instead of lizards it could have been the potential contender.
General Discussion
