GMAT Club World Cup 2022 (DAY 5): A chef is studying a cookbook on the

Hello again, everyone. I hope the competition is treating you well. (There have been some pretty gnarly questions from both the Quant and Verbal sides.) Although the format of this question, a sort of cross between a logical flaw and similar reasoning question, may seem more LSAT-ish, I like to say that you never know just what may come your way on the exam, and it is fun to push yourself outside your comfort zone, right? This is a competition, after all.

The passage could hardly be shorter. The chef generalizes that what holds in one recipe, a specific ingredient, will hold in another for a similar type of food, pasta sauce.


Now, you could argue that the banker is generalizing here, but we have no reason to believe that this estimate is pulled out of thin air. The chef predicted that the very next recipe would include the same ingredient as the recipe he was examining, based on little more than the page he was looking at; the banker seems to be a bit more calculating.


The context makes everything a little different here. The next race, as one that has not yet been run, has an indefinite outcome, so the horse owner can make such a prediction without pursuing the same flawed reasoning as the chef—the recipe on the next page of the cookbook cannot change (quantum effects aside) in any discernible way. The owner might simply have a champion racehorse, for all we know, and the prediction could be warranted.


Why would it not? The specificity of the information suggests that through some sort of combination of subgrades, an overall grade for a collectible trading card is reached. If three judges for an ice skating competition awarded the same points for different aspects of a figure skating routine (e.g., difficulty of jumps and execution) to two different skaters, we have no reason to believe the scores would come out any differently for those two competitors. There is no logical flaw to be found here, even if the answer choice does a good job mimicking the language of the passage.


Do not be fooled by the chef-to-chef connection. We are searching for a similar flaw in reasoning, not in situation, and there is little overlap between this answer choice and the passage apart from the word chef. This head chef can believe just about anything about the quality of the food. The comparison to the food of other restaurants is not the sort of generalizing we are after.


This is just what we want. Someone takes a template and generalizes to a similar type of thing. Here, it is a child with language; in the passage, it is a chef with a recipe for pasta sauce. (As a linguistic aside, I do not envy second-language-learners of English for just these sorts of cases. And then there is the difference in pronunciation between British English and American English. At least the British retain the “ah” sound for a in both words, even if they are slightly different, unlike the a-as-in-hat and a-as-in-law pronunciation of the two words in American English. What a nightmare!)

If you had trouble with this one, just remember: your goal is always to follow the logic of the passage. Surface details can become distracting, but logical patterns are the lifeblood of CR.

As always, good luck with your studies.

- Andrew
_________________

From the passage we know that the chef takes one event as the basis to predict one parameter of the subsequent event - given both the events are "similar".

(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill.
- Could have been a potential answer if banked had recognized a counterfeit bill after going through thousand transactions. Incorrect.

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level.
- Could be the answer. Result from one event as the basis to predict the result of a similar event.

(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade.
- Maybe the right answer, but the fact that the other cards has all the subgrades "same" makes this option less favorable for me.

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star.
- Irrelevant

(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound.
- irrelevant

I would go with B.

(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill.
if the found counterfeit bill was the only one? that makes the prediction wrong. just because it's present in one case, can't be concluded it'll be in next as well
correct

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level.
win or lose, horse will be in race. incorrect

(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade.
since same value assigned , yes. so incorrect

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star.
star given to both, so claim is wrong.incorerct

(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound.
inocorrect

IMO A

for given argument the flaw is that chef is assuming that pasta sauce has garlic

(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill. not similar

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level.
not similar
(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade. yes its similar as trading card is assumed to be of similar grade as the previous one..

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star. not similar

(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound. not similar

OPTION C is correct

The flaw is the stimulus: One specific act on one page of the book is assumed to be present on another page of the same book.

(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill.
There is nothing common about these transactions. They can be any transaction, right. The flaw has to have the same common base, but should be different enough.

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level.
Local race and state-level race are two different things. The stimulus compares sauces from the same book on Tuscany tradition.

(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade.
The same four subgrades being extrapolated to have the same overall grade is not similar to the flaw presented in the stimulus

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star.
Not similar to the flaw stated in the stimulus

(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound.
This is the correct option as it assumes that since the base is same, the garlic or 'gh' in this case shall be pronounced the same way.

Option E is the right answer.

Correct answer : choice B

The flaw according to me is: just because an entity has a characteristic in a universe, that characteristic holds true in other universes . (dont know if it makes sense, lol)

(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill. - Wrong

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level. - Correct
Just because a horse (entity) won (characteristic) in local race (universe), the same thing will happen in state-level race ( another universe)

(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade. - Wrong

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star. - Wrong

(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound. - This could be true too accroding to my logic but sticking with B

C is the correct answer
(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill. every thousand pattern comes from nowhere.

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level. this ascended to a higher level, instead of "the next page"

(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade. correct

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star. not the same

(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound. Nope

IMO C

(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill.-- the chef expects the garlic to be in the recipe on the very next page.

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level.-- Irrelavant

(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade. - Correct matches with the passage

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star.-- not related

(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound. -not related

the correct answer is C
the argument is about: if one pasta recipe includes garlic it means next pasta recipe will include also garlic,
the only choice that answer this hypothesis is C

Premise:
1. Chef studying cookbook on regional flavours of Tuscany.
2. Recipe for pasta sauce in which Garlic is added.

Conclusion:
The next recipe for a different Pasta sauce will also call for Garlic.

Assumption:
All Pasta sauce recipes in the book call for Garlic.

(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill. - For the same logic to apply, the banker should predict every bill to be a counterfeit.

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level. - CORRECT ✅

(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade. - Same four subgrades will always result in the same overall grade. Hence, no prediction.

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star. - No comparison is mentioned in the question.

(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound. - This premise and the question premise are not comparable.

Hence, the answer is B.

We need to find Parallel Structure
The Prediction of Pasta a recipe on the next page to make a different pasta sauce will also call for garlic, we will find the correct Option through POE:

(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill. - Wrong as such it is comparing one in every thousand transactions will involve counterfeit bill which is not acceptable with Garlic

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level. :
Wrong -Due to the mention of State Level there is a jump from Local Level to State Level/

(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade.
Correct- Seems to be parrallel

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star.
Wrong - Other Restaurants make this option wrong

(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound.
Wrong


As such the Option C
Answer is C

Answer: E

A chef is studying a cookbook on the regional flavors of Tuscany. He learns a recipe for pasta sauce in which garlic is added to a tomato base. He predicts that a recipe on the next page to make a different pasta sauce will also call for garlic.

Which of the following most closely parallels the flaw in the cook’s reasoning?

Flaw is that chef is assuming a portion of ingredient will be same for the next recipe. The option should convey that based on prior experience of a part of activity will be carry forwarded in the same manner for another activity.

(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill. --> Incorrect. No where near the arguments reasoning or flaw. doesn't go along with pre-thinking.

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level. --> Incorrect. Winning is the result. had there been a reason behind the winning then that reason would be applicable to another win.

(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade. --> Incorrect. To be parallel with cook's reasoning the grader should have concluded that the card with overall grade will earn the same four subgrades and not vice-versa.

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star. --> Incorrect. No where near the arguments reasoning. doesn't go along with pre-thinking.

(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound. --> Correct. "f" sound is like an ingredient which worked for the pronunciation of "laughter" and the child reasons that it will be the same for the pronunciation of "slaughter".

(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill.
INCORRECT. This is not parallel reasoning. Chef predicts from one pasta recipe that the next one will share a common ingredient, but banker estimates with given data.

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level.
INCORRECT Although there is a prediction involved here the scenarios are different because the Chef here is studying a recipe book, but the owner bases his prediction completely from prior circumstance.

(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade.
INCORRECT. Like B the scenario here is slightly different. The Chef bases his judgment oh his study of prior recipe. The grader does not do such thing.

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star.
INCORRECT. This does not follow parallel reasoning. This one says the chef believes in that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star. This seems to be just an opinion, here he shares just a thought and does not base his opinion to any fact.


(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound.
CORRECT. This exactly follows the logic of the given argument. Here both the child is learning and the chef is studying a new thing and both mistakenly thinks that just like one thing they recently learnt, the next thing will follow same rule of structure and semantics as what they have learnt.

[quote="Bunuel"]A chef is studying a cookbook on the regional flavors of Tuscany. He learns a recipe for pasta sauce in which garlic is added to a tomato base. He predicts that a recipe on the next page to make a different pasta sauce will also call for garlic.

Which of the following most closely parallels the flaw in the cook’s reasoning?


(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill.
-Here the banker is roughly judging the value.This is not a case of prediction.Thus this is incorrect.
(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level.
-This is a prediction by someone who is already aware of the horse.This is nothing new to the owner.Thus this is incorrect
(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade.
This is not the same scenario

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star.
This is not a prediction. This is an individual opinion
(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound.
-This is the best choice and closely parallel to the cook's flaw in reasoning. Both cases the subject is learning something new and predicting a similar thing by seeing the resemblance and due to lack of enough knowledge

IMO Option B is the answer. I may be wrong.
The reason, I chose option B is that the next activity is predicted to have similar results in both the question and option B.

Here, the chef came across garlic in one sauce recipe, and assumed that the garlic will also come in the next sauce recipe.

this method of reasoning is most clearly matched with B - just cause his horse won one race, the owner predicated that the horse will win the next one as well

As for C - the grader is not assuming that the next card will be of same grade, but that the next card with same sub grades will have same overall grade. he logic is different here.

Given: A chef is studying a cookbook on the regional flavors of Tuscany. He learns a recipe for pasta sauce in which garlic is added to a tomato base. He predicts that a recipe on the next page to make a different pasta sauce will also call for garlic.

Cook's reasoning: The cook assumes that all pasta sauces will contain garlic after he leasns a recipe for pasta sauce containing garlic.

Asked: Which of the following most closely parallels the flaw in the cook’s reasoning?



The reasoning differnce from the cook's reasoning since after recognizing a counterfeit bill, the banker does not assume the next bill to be a counterfeit one.
Incorrect


The horse owner does not another horse to win the local race as well which parallel's cook's reasoning.
The race are also at different levels.
Incorrect


Overall grade may be assigned by a criteria based on four subgrades which will be same for all same four subgrades. There is no assumption for next case after having one case.
This does not match cook's reasoning.
Incorrect


This does not match cook's reasoning since cook assumes the same content for next pasta sauce after learning one.
In this case, the head chef believes different quality at other restaurants after having experience in one.
Incorrect


After learning one pronunciation of "laughter" which is pronounced as LAF-TER, the child assumes the pronounciation of "salughter" to be S-LAF-TER with an "f" sound. This matches with cook's reasoning since he assumes the same content for next pasta sauce after learning one.
Correct

IMO E

Chef [Professional] makes a prediction, while we(amateurs/professionals) are unsure whether it must be true

(A) A banker recognizes a counterfeit bill and estimates that one in every thousand transactions will involve a counterfeit bill. - CORRECT
-Yes, here the professional has made a prediction and we are unaware whether the next set will involve counterfeit bill.

(B) A horse wins a local race, and its owner predicts that the horse will win its next race at the state level. - Incorrect
Not in line with the argument

(C) To generate an overall grade for a collectible trading card, a grader assigns a numerical value to each of four criteria—corners, edges, centering, and surface. He concludes that the next card to earn the same four subgrades will also be assigned the same overall grade. - Incorrect
- Here the grader himself assigned the value, so his conclusion is something definite

(D) A restaurant is awarded a Michelin star, but its head chef believes that the restaurant serves better food than other restaurants awarded one Michelin star. - Incorrect
- Not in line with the argument: no prediction made here

(E) A child learns the pronunciation of “laughter” and reasons that “slaughter” is pronounced with an “f” sound. - Incorrect
- The reasoning is parallel but here we know that it is wrong.

The answer is E. OE is already posted. Edited for correct OA.