Recent breakthroughs in technology have made it possible that high-def

The sentence says that now HD cameras can capture images very well (like a 35 mm film) and project it in a theater.

Recent breakthroughs in technology have made it possible for high-definition digital video cameras to capture material with a degree of fidelity nearly comparable to that(degree of fidelity) of 35-millimeter film and to project it digitally in theaters with no resulting loss of image quality.

what does "IT" refer to in this sentence?

Recent breakthroughs in technology have made it possible for high-definition digital video cameras to capture material

Nothing. This is one of the rare cases in which "it" does not stand for a noun in particular.

It is hard to win without a proper training. This is another example of this kind.

Zarrlou,

I thought pronouns must have an antecedent. I remember reading this rule in MGMAT sentence correction book.

This sentence might be an exception. Thanks for answering.

There are some exceptions to that rule. Check this post by Ron about the usage of it: https://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/adv ... 87-15.html

Great explanation by Zarrolou!

However, one aspect that I think can be added to the explanation was that options B, D and E change the intended meaning of the original sentence and therefore, can be rejected on this ground too.

First of all, what is the intended meaning of the sentence:
• Recent breakthroughs in technology have made something possible
• Which thing possible?
o that high-definition digital video cameras are able
a. to capture material with a degree of fidelity that nearly compares to 35-millimeter film
b. and to project it digitally in theaters with no resulting loss of image quality
So, the breakthroughs in technologies have made high definition camera able to do two things as mentioned above.

Now, let’s substitute option B, D and E in the original sentence and see how they change the intended meaning:
Option B:
Recent breakthroughs in technology have made it possible to have high-definition digital video cameras that can capture material at a degree of fidelity almost like that with 35-millimeter film and to project it digitally in theaters with no resulting loss of image quality.

So, this sentence says that breakthroughs in technology have made it possible to have these HD cameras. This may imply one of the following:
• Probably the breakthroughs in technology have made it possible to produce such cameras –
o these cameras probably existed before
o but were not being produced
o and the latest technologies makes it possible to produce them –
• Or the breakthroughs have made it possible to expand their reach –
o these camera were produced even before
o but with the technological breakthroughs, they are now available for everyone to buy them.

So, as we can see that the original sentence says that the technological breakthroughs enhanced the capabilities of HD camera but this sentence talks about possibility of possessing these cameras. Clearly, the original meaning has been distorted in option B.

Option D:
Recent breakthroughs in technology have made possible high-definition digital video cameras that can capture material at a degree of fidelity almost like 35-millimeter film and to project it digitally in theaters with no resulting loss of image quality

This sentence says that recent breakthroughs have made possible HD DV cameras that can do some stuff.
The meaning conveyed by this sentence is same as that conveyed by option B above.
The original sentence said it is possible that HD TV cameras are able to do some stuff.
Option D says that HD TV cameras that can do some stuff are now possible.
So, the focus has shifted from ability to existence/production.

Option E distorts the meaning in a similar way.

So notice how subtle changes in placement and wording can have such a big impact on the meaning communicated by the sentence. So make sure that you understand the meaning communicated by each choice and ask yourself – Is this what the author wanted to communicate?

- Chiranjeev

(A) it possible that high-definition digital video cameras are able to capture material with a degree of fidelity that nearly compares to
(B) it possible to have high-definition digital video cameras that can capture material at a degree of fidelity almost like that with
(C) it possible for high-definition digital video cameras to capture material with a degree of fidelity nearly comparable to that of
(D) possible high-definition digital video cameras that can capture material at a degree of fidelity almost like
(E) possible high-definition digital video cameras able to capture material with a degree of fidelity that nearly compares to that with

B, & D is out, needs to have 'to'
left w/ A,C & E

A is out -compares to wrong comparison

C & E now...hmmm

Whys is C wrong again? "have made possible (..) cameras able" makes the sentence awkward (no need to use able) doesnt make much sense to me

Am assuming you mean..Whys E wrong?

Hope the intended meaning of the sentence is clear: With high-definition digital video cameras, it is possible to capture material with a degree of fidelity nearly comparable to degree of fidelity of 35-millimeter film

Frankly you don't need to know what degree of fidelity is. It is clearly some property (such as brightness, contrast etc.). So, the way we have brightness of a film, contrast of a film etc., similarly we should have degree of fidelity of a film.

Basically it cannot be degree of fidelity with a film. But that is exactly what E states.

With E, the sentence would be:

Recent breakthroughs in technology have made possible high-definition digital video cameras able to capture material with a degree of fidelity that nearly compares to that with 35-millimeter film and to project it digitally in theaters with no resulting loss of image quality.

Recent breakthroughs in technology have made it possible that high-definition digital video cameras are able to capture material with a degree of fidelity that nearly compares to 35-millimeter film and to project it digitally in theaters with no resulting loss of image quality.

(A) it possible that high-definition digital video cameras are able to capture material with a degree of fidelity that nearly compares to - it possible that is correct iPostpone That Clause Subjects: It gave us encouragement THAT we scored at all. - Manhattan SC book page 216) - out wrong comparison

(B) it possible to have high-definition digital video cameras that can capture material at a degree of fidelity almost like that with - it possible to have is correct - Postpone Infinitive Subjects: It is futile TO RESIST temptation. - wrong comparison

(C) it possible for high-definition digital video cameras to capture material with a degree of fidelity nearly comparable to that of -to capture - correct (watch B) - correct comparison

(D) possible high-definition digital video cameras that can capture material at a degree of fidelity almost like - wrong comparison

(E) possible high-definition digital video cameras able to capture material with a degree of fidelity that nearly compares to that with - wrong comparison

we can use parallelism to go to oa inhere. "to project" need a parallel element, so, only choice a, c and e are left. we need "that of" not "that with" , choice e is gone. choice a has no "that " ,so, is wrong.

I want to say about idiom MAKE IT.

this phrase makes us a lot of trouble. we do not need to remember this idiom to go to choice oa becuase gmat dose not test idiom but meaning/logic.

"make it +adjective +for somebody to do".
"it" is fake object.
this pattern is used to make an idea presented by "for somebody to do" have an characteristic presented by adjective. remember, we do not presented the idea in "that-clause". choice a is not idiomatic.

"make +adjective+noun"=make+ noun+adjective

I make the girl beautiful=I make beautiful the girl, who last night taught me gmat.

this is correct.
however, we need a noun to be fit with the adjective.
"make possible the high definition camara" is not logic. we can not make possible a camera. we make possible making camera. choice d and e is not logic.

Can someone explain in second part “and to protect it”...... Here it refers to what ?

Posted from my mobile device

Hi G1212, it refers to:

to capture material with a degree of fidelity nearly comparable to that of 35-millimeter film

This is one of the cases where the pronoun (it) is used before the antecedent.

Our book EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana discusses such usage of "it", its application and examples in significant detail. If you or someone is interested, PM me your email-id; I can mail the corresponding section.

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