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I was successful in understanding this far...

There are three test takers. Each taken the test 5 times. So, there are 15 tests. Ranges for all 3 testers is given : 50, 80 and 120. This means the MAX score - MIN score of all the 5 tests each test takers has taken is 50, 80 and 120 respectively.

What we need to find out is the range of all 15 tests. So, we need the min value and max value of all 15 tests taken by the 3 testers. Is my understanding correct?

Also please explain step by step how to approach this problem. Though I understand the question, I cannot think of any concept to how I can resolve this. Im stumped! :x
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Hi,

Thank you! I understand the 1st paragraph. I have a question in the second paragraph, please.

You said right away that "This is also given: since the individual range of the third student was 120, then the range of all the scores put together cannot possibly be less than that. "

Unless we pick numbers and calculate (like how you did in the paragraph below that statement), how can we say that 120 is the minimum range? or we can conclude 120 is the minimum score only after working it out using the numbers picked?

Thank you!
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flower07
Hi,

Thank you! I understand the 1st paragraph. I have a question in the second paragraph, please.

You said right away that "This is also given: since the individual range of the third student was 120, then the range of all the scores put together cannot possibly be less than that. "

Unless we pick numbers and calculate (like how you did in the paragraph below that statement), how can we say that 120 is the minimum range? or we can conclude 120 is the minimum score only after working it out using the numbers picked?

Thank you!

For this particular problem we don't need to calculate. Ask yourself how can the overall range be less than any of the individual ranges?
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We are told :
All 3 students (s1, s2 and s3) scored between 500 and 750 in all the tests
Ranges of each : R1 = 50, R2 = 80 and R3 = 120

Max possible range :
Let’s say s1 scored 500 in one test and his range is 50
So he scored between 500 and 550 in all the tests

Say s2 scored 750 in one test and his range is 120
So he scored between 630 and 750 in all the tests

Third person is irrelevant in this case we have max and min value of their scores
So, Max. possible range = 750 – 500 = 250


Min Possible range :
Lets say s1 scored 750 in one test and his range is 120
So he scored between 630 and 750 in all the tests


Both of the other person can score between 630 and 750 and still be within their range of 80 and 50.

Min range can be 750-630 = 120

So, the difference between Max and Min range = 250 – 120 = 130

Option E
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The main clue has already been dropped when it is said that the range of marks is between 500-750.

The maximum range is 250.

The minimum range when the marks of two other students with lower ranges lie within the third larger range i.e. 120 which is the minimum range.

Hence, Option E.
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Please correct my understanding - I saw the maximum range is 250 (750-500 as given in question) and the minimum range will always be the highest range of the three individuals which is 120, and then the difference (130) would be the answer.
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Rishab2409
Please correct my understanding - I saw the maximum range is 250 (750-500 as given in question) and the minimum range will always be the highest range of the three individuals which is 120, and then the difference (130) would be the answer.

Yes, your understanding is correct. The only additional point is that 250 and 120 must be shown to be achievable, which the examples in the solution confirm.
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Hi Rishab2409,

Yes, your reasoning is spot on, and your answer of 130 is correct. Let me just confirm the why behind each of the two bounds so it's airtight.

Maximum range = 250. The question caps every score in the window 500 to 750. So the widest the combined 15 scores can ever spread is 750 - 500 = 250 - and that's reachable: let one person hit 750 and another hit 500, and their individual ranges (80 and 120) still fit comfortably inside. So the ceiling of 250 is real, not just theoretical.

Minimum range = 120. This is the part worth stating cleanly. When you pool everyone's scores together, the whole group includes the person whose scores already span 120. You can never make the combined spread smaller than a spread that's already sitting inside the group. So the combined range is forced to be at least 120 - the largest single individual range. And 120 is achievable: stack everyone inside one 120-wide window (e.g. all scores in 500-620), and the two smaller-range people tuck inside the biggest one.

So 250 - 120 = 130. Your logic matches exactly.

One quick way to lock in the min idea: suppose a subgroup of numbers already ranges from 500 to 620. Can adding more numbers to that group ever make its overall range smaller than 120? No - the 500 and the 620 are still in there. Adding points can only keep the range the same or push it wider, never shrink it. That's the whole reason the minimum can't dip below the biggest individual range.

Answer: E

Rishab2409
Please correct my understanding - I saw the maximum range is 250 (750-500 as given in question) and the minimum range will always be the highest range of the three individuals which is 120, and then the difference (130) would be the answer.
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