The problem that environmental economics aims to remedy is the following: people making economic decisions cannot readily compare environmental factors, such as clean air and the survival of endangered species, with other costs and benefits. As environmental economists recognize, solving this problem requires assigning monetary values to environmental factors. But monetary values result from people comparing costs and benefits in order to arrive at economic decisions. Thus, environmental economics is stymied by what motivates it.
Let us try to understand what the passage says:
1. economists find it difficult to directly compare environmental factors with costs and benefits.
2. So, environmental economists decide to assign a monetary value to each environmental factor.
3. But the monetary value itself depends on costs and benefits.
4. So, the conclusion says that the solution (monetary value) itself creates the problem that is intended to be solved i.e monetary value depends on costs and benefits.
Looking at the answer choices it seems that figuring out the assumption could help us eliminate a few answer choices.
So, under what conditions the environmental economics will not be stymied by what motivates it?
What if the monetary value can be derived by other means? What if monetary value is not dependent on deriving comparisons between environmental factors and economic decisions? The passage nowhere assures us that C&B is the only route to get a monetary value. (Just like mathematical formulas - we use different formulas according to what is given to find out the answer).
Then this might have been the assumption of author
Now look at answer choices
If the considerations advanced in its support are true, the passage’s conclusion is supported
(A) strongly, on the assumption that monetary values for environment factors cannot be assigned unless people make economic decisions about these factors........sounds similar to our assumption.
(B) strongly, unless economic decision-making has not yet had any effect on the things categorized as environmental factors............EDM's effect on things categorized as environmental factors is not a concern.......... doesn't affect our conclusion anyway.
(C) at best weakly, because the passage fails to establish that economic decision-makers do not by and large take adequate account of environmental factors...........we do not know how efficient the economic decision makers are
(D) at best weakly, because the argument assumes that pollution and other effects on environmental factors rarely result from economic decision-making..........off the point....this cannot be an assumption. It does not affect our conclusion
(E) not at all, since the argument is circular, taking that conclusion as one of its premises.....It is not circular..It provides evidence to make us believe that assigning the monetary value may not be the solution.
A is correct