In all mammalian species, the period of a young mammal’s life in which it is most frequently playful coincides with the periods of most rapid growth of the neural connections in the mammal’s brain that give rise to various complex patterns of movement, posture, and social response. Indeed, the neural connections created by frequent play during this period later become indispensable for the mammal’s survival and well-being as an adult.
The statements above, if true, serve LEAST well as evidence for which one of the following?The passage supports the idea that play in young mammals helps develop neural connections needed for adult movement, posture, social response, survival, and well-being.
So the passage is good evidence for claims about mammalian play and later adult function. It is weakest as evidence for a claim about
nonmammalian species.
(A) Young mammals of species that are preyed on by other animals are likely to engage in forms of sudden mock flight, bolting away from locations where no predators are to be found.
This is supported. Mock flight could help develop movement patterns useful for survival in prey species.
(B) The young predators of nonmammalian species such as fish, reptiles, and birds do not normally engage in playful behavior that serves the function served by play in the development of young mammals.
This is correct. The passage talks only about mammals. It gives no evidence about whether fish, reptiles, or birds do or do not have similar play behavior.
(C) Adult mammals are more likely to engage in interactive play with their young if they engaged in similar forms of play when they themselves were young.
This has some support. Since play develops neural connections involved in social response, early play could affect later social behavior.
(D) Mammals that cannot engage in certain common forms of play when young are likely to show certain deficits that limit their subsequent success as adults.
This is strongly supported. The passage says neural connections created by frequent play later become indispensable for adult survival and well-being.
(E) Young mammals of predatory species tend to practice in their play inoffensive versions of motions and actions that are useful in finding and catching prey when these mammals become adults.
This is supported. Play helps develop complex movement patterns that later matter for survival, so playful hunting-like behavior in young predators fits the passage.
Answer: (B)