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Mannisha
What’s the sum of even integers from 102 to 686?

Seems tedious? Let's find out!!

Let's consider the set {4,5,8,12, 20} can we find any pattern between the numbers in the above set? Not Really!

Let’s consider this set {2, 5, 8, 11, 14} can we Observe something ? Yes, we do!
Here the difference between any two consecutive numbers is 3 or the increment between any two consecutive numbers is Fixed.

Thus, all such sets where the difference between any two consecutive numbers is the same are defined as Evenly Spaced Sets.
Example: Set of consecutive Integers, Set of consecutive even integers, set of consecutive odd integers, multiples of 3...so on

Few facts about the Evenly spaced sets which are tested on GMAT:
[1) Mean of the set is always equal to the median of the set
2) Average of the first and last terms in the set is equal to mean of the set
3) Number of terms in the given set =({Last term – First term}/increament) +1

With these facts, we can very easily find the sum of all numbers in the given evenly spaced set!
Using, Sum = Mean * number of terms in the given set

Example : 2 + 4 + 6+8…………250
Given set is evenly Spaced set with the increment 2
(i) Let’s calculate the Mean of above set : (2 + 250)/2=126
(ii) Number of terms = {2,4, 6, ……250}
= {(250-2)/2 + 1}
=124+1
=125
Sum = Mean * number of terms in the given set
126*125
=15,750

Thus, the sum of even integers from 102 to 686:
Mean=(102+686)/2 =394
Number of terms={(686-102)/2 +1}=293
Sum=293*394=115442



Let’s solve GMAT Data Sufficiency question on the same facts:

If each term of Set S is defined as Sn=Sn–1+4, what is the median value of the set?
(1) S1 = 20.
(2) The arithmetic mean of set S is 40.

Inference from the question stem:
Sn=Sn–1+4
Sn−Sn–1=4.
Thus, Set S is evenly spaced set as the difference in any two consecutive terms in the set S is 4

Now Analyze Stat (1) alone:
1. S1 = 20
This just tells us that first term in the set is 20

Thus, stat (1) alone is not sufficient to find the answer to the given question

Analyze Stat (2) alone:
2. The arithmetic mean of set S is 40

For Evenly spaced sets Mean of the set is always equal to the median of the set
Median of the set S is 40

Thus, stat (2) alone is sufficient to answer the question
Hence, the answer is B


Cheers!

Manisha
PrepMinds Founder
Gmat Quant Expert


Evenly spaced numbers form an Arithmetic Progression with below mentioned formulas to solve: -

a: first term
l: last term
n: Number of terms
d: common difference

\(t_ n = a + (n-1)d\)
l = a + (n-1)d:
\(S_n = \frac{n}{2} (2a + (n-1)d) = \frac{n}{2}(a + l)\)
\(n = \frac{(l-a)}{d} + 1\)

Mean = Median; if such numbers form a set.
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