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19 Sep 2024, 19:56
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A subsidy, or government incentive, is a form of government expenditure aimed at stabilizing the economy. These subsidies can take various forms, including direct expenditures, tax incentives, soft loans, price support, and the provision of goods and services.
The development of commercial solar power relied heavily on government support. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology originated in the United States when Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller, and Gerald Pearson at Bell Labs demonstrated the silicon solar cell in 1954. The initial cells had an efficiency of only 4%, significantly lower than the 25% efficiency some modern cells achieve. Due to high costs, early developers sought alternative markets.
The technology found a practical application in the aerospace sector, where the U.S. Army and Air Force identified solar PV as an ideal power source for earth-orbiting satellites. Hoffman Electronics was contracted to supply solar cells for the space exploration program, and the first commercial satellite, Vanguard I, launched in 1958 with both solar cells and chemical batteries. By 1965, NASA was using nearly a million solar PV cells. Early government demand and research support led to substantial cost reductions and performance improvements, with the price of PV cells dropping from $300 to $20 per watt between 1956 and 1973.
As a result of government involvement in solar PV development, 13 of the 14 top innovations in PV were developed with the help of federal dollars, nine of which were fully funded by the public sector.
What is the primary purpose of the passage?
A. To explain the historical development of solar PV technology and highlight the pivotal role of government subsidies in that development.
B. To compare the efficiency of early solar PV cells with modern solar PV technology and discuss potential future innovations.
C. To analyze the benefits of government subsidies across multiple sectors, focusing on renewable energy as an example.
D. To argue that private companies were the primary drivers of innovation in solar PV technology, with limited government involvement.
E. To outline the economic impact of solar PV technology on the U.S. space program and the subsequent commercial market.
The development of commercial solar power relied heavily on government support. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology originated in the United States when Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller, and Gerald Pearson at Bell Labs demonstrated the silicon solar cell in 1954. The initial cells had an efficiency of only 4%, significantly lower than the 25% efficiency some modern cells achieve. Due to high costs, early developers sought alternative markets.
The technology found a practical application in the aerospace sector, where the U.S. Army and Air Force identified solar PV as an ideal power source for earth-orbiting satellites. Hoffman Electronics was contracted to supply solar cells for the space exploration program, and the first commercial satellite, Vanguard I, launched in 1958 with both solar cells and chemical batteries. By 1965, NASA was using nearly a million solar PV cells. Early government demand and research support led to substantial cost reductions and performance improvements, with the price of PV cells dropping from $300 to $20 per watt between 1956 and 1973.
As a result of government involvement in solar PV development, 13 of the 14 top innovations in PV were developed with the help of federal dollars, nine of which were fully funded by the public sector.
What is the primary purpose of the passage?
A. To explain the historical development of solar PV technology and highlight the pivotal role of government subsidies in that development.
B. To compare the efficiency of early solar PV cells with modern solar PV technology and discuss potential future innovations.
C. To analyze the benefits of government subsidies across multiple sectors, focusing on renewable energy as an example.
D. To argue that private companies were the primary drivers of innovation in solar PV technology, with limited government involvement.
E. To outline the economic impact of solar PV technology on the U.S. space program and the subsequent commercial market.
19 Sep 2024, 19:56
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Official Solution:
A subsidy, or government incentive, is a form of government expenditure aimed at stabilizing the economy. These subsidies can take various forms, including direct expenditures, tax incentives, soft loans, price support, and the provision of goods and services.
The development of commercial solar power relied heavily on government support. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology originated in the United States when Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller, and Gerald Pearson at Bell Labs demonstrated the silicon solar cell in 1954. The initial cells had an efficiency of only 4%, significantly lower than the 25% efficiency some modern cells achieve. Due to high costs, early developers sought alternative markets.
The technology found a practical application in the aerospace sector, where the U.S. Army and Air Force identified solar PV as an ideal power source for earth-orbiting satellites. Hoffman Electronics was contracted to supply solar cells for the space exploration program, and the first commercial satellite, Vanguard I, launched in 1958 with both solar cells and chemical batteries. By 1965, NASA was using nearly a million solar PV cells. Early government demand and research support led to substantial cost reductions and performance improvements, with the price of PV cells dropping from $300 to $20 per watt between 1956 and 1973.
As a result of government involvement in solar PV development, 13 of the 14 top innovations in PV were developed with the help of federal dollars, nine of which were fully funded by the public sector.
What is the primary purpose of the passage?
A. To explain the historical development of solar PV technology and highlight the pivotal role of government subsidies in that development.
B. To compare the efficiency of early solar PV cells with modern solar PV technology and discuss potential future innovations.
C. To analyze the benefits of government subsidies across multiple sectors, focusing on renewable energy as an example.
D. To argue that private companies were the primary drivers of innovation in solar PV technology, with limited government involvement.
E. To outline the economic impact of solar PV technology on the U.S. space program and the subsequent commercial market.
A. Correct Answer. The passage focuses on the development of solar PV technology and emphasizes how government subsidies and involvement were crucial to advancing the technology, particularly in the aerospace sector. This option captures the essence of the passage.
B. Incorrect. This is incorrect because while the passage does mention the efficiency of solar PV cells, it is not primarily focused on comparing efficiencies or discussing future innovations.
C. Incorrect. The passage only focuses on solar PV technology and does not cover government subsidies in other sectors, so this option is too broad.
D. Incorrect. This is the opposite of the passage’s argument, which emphasizes government involvement rather than private companies as the main drivers of innovation.
E. Incorrect. While the passage touches on the aerospace sector’s role in early solar PV applications, it does not focus on the broader economic impact on the space program or commercial markets.
Answer: A
A subsidy, or government incentive, is a form of government expenditure aimed at stabilizing the economy. These subsidies can take various forms, including direct expenditures, tax incentives, soft loans, price support, and the provision of goods and services.
The development of commercial solar power relied heavily on government support. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology originated in the United States when Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller, and Gerald Pearson at Bell Labs demonstrated the silicon solar cell in 1954. The initial cells had an efficiency of only 4%, significantly lower than the 25% efficiency some modern cells achieve. Due to high costs, early developers sought alternative markets.
The technology found a practical application in the aerospace sector, where the U.S. Army and Air Force identified solar PV as an ideal power source for earth-orbiting satellites. Hoffman Electronics was contracted to supply solar cells for the space exploration program, and the first commercial satellite, Vanguard I, launched in 1958 with both solar cells and chemical batteries. By 1965, NASA was using nearly a million solar PV cells. Early government demand and research support led to substantial cost reductions and performance improvements, with the price of PV cells dropping from $300 to $20 per watt between 1956 and 1973.
As a result of government involvement in solar PV development, 13 of the 14 top innovations in PV were developed with the help of federal dollars, nine of which were fully funded by the public sector.
What is the primary purpose of the passage?
A. To explain the historical development of solar PV technology and highlight the pivotal role of government subsidies in that development.
B. To compare the efficiency of early solar PV cells with modern solar PV technology and discuss potential future innovations.
C. To analyze the benefits of government subsidies across multiple sectors, focusing on renewable energy as an example.
D. To argue that private companies were the primary drivers of innovation in solar PV technology, with limited government involvement.
E. To outline the economic impact of solar PV technology on the U.S. space program and the subsequent commercial market.
A. Correct Answer. The passage focuses on the development of solar PV technology and emphasizes how government subsidies and involvement were crucial to advancing the technology, particularly in the aerospace sector. This option captures the essence of the passage.
B. Incorrect. This is incorrect because while the passage does mention the efficiency of solar PV cells, it is not primarily focused on comparing efficiencies or discussing future innovations.
C. Incorrect. The passage only focuses on solar PV technology and does not cover government subsidies in other sectors, so this option is too broad.
D. Incorrect. This is the opposite of the passage’s argument, which emphasizes government involvement rather than private companies as the main drivers of innovation.
E. Incorrect. While the passage touches on the aerospace sector’s role in early solar PV applications, it does not focus on the broader economic impact on the space program or commercial markets.
Answer: A
24 Sep 2024, 20:24
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I think this is a high-quality question and I don't agree with the explanation. ANSWER AS PER SOLUTION IS A ONLY BUT IN TESTS IT SHOWS C. PLEASE CORRECT
