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03 Jan 2025, 01:30
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C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
74% (01:12) correct
26%
(01:20)
wrong
based on 175
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Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders. But my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV. So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
A questionable aspect of the reasoning above is that it
A. uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
B. fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
C. takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
D. draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
E. infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
A questionable aspect of the reasoning above is that it
A. uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
B. fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
C. takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
D. draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
E. infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
03 Jan 2025, 12:32
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IMO C
Why the other options are incorrect:
(A): There is no indication that the phrase “personality disorders” is used ambiguously in the argument. The term is used consistently throughout.
(B): While the argument does not define "theta brain waves," this lack of definition is not the main flaw in the reasoning. The flaw lies in the unwarranted causal conclusion.
(D): There is no evidence in the argument to suggest that the data is drawn from an unrepresentative sample. The flaw is unrelated to sampling.
(E): The argument does not claim that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder. Rather, it concludes that watching TV increases the risk of developing such disorders.
Why the other options are incorrect:
(A): There is no indication that the phrase “personality disorders” is used ambiguously in the argument. The term is used consistently throughout.
(B): While the argument does not define "theta brain waves," this lack of definition is not the main flaw in the reasoning. The flaw lies in the unwarranted causal conclusion.
(D): There is no evidence in the argument to suggest that the data is drawn from an unrepresentative sample. The flaw is unrelated to sampling.
(E): The argument does not claim that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder. Rather, it concludes that watching TV increases the risk of developing such disorders.
01 Feb 2025, 06:45
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Bunuel
OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
The correct answer choice is (C).
A correlation involving theta waves, TV watching, and personality disorders is presented in the premises, and then the author concludes that watching too much TV causes a rise in the risk of developing a personality disorder to rise.
Answer choice (A): Although “personality disorders” are left largely undefined (which is acceptable), the term is not used ambiguously.
Answer choice (B): This is not an error because the author is not obligated to define theta brain waves in order to make the argument understandable.
Answer choice (C): This is the correct answer.
Answer choice (D): There is no information to prove that the sample of data used was unrepresentative. Although the researcher says, “my data show...” it is possible the researcher’s data are extensive and representative.
Answer choice (E): This is a Shell Game answer because the researcher infers that the reverse is true.
