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Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
65% (01:07) correct
35%
(01:28)
wrong
based on 141
sessions
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Executive: Our company is proud of its long history of good relations with its employees. In fact, a recent survey of our retirees proves that we treat our employees fairly, since 95 percent of the respondents reported that they had always been treated fairly during the course of their careers with us.
The executive’s argument is flawed in that it
A. presents as its sole premise a claim that one would accept as true only if one already accepted the truth of the conclusion
B. relies on evidence that cannot be verified
C. equivocates on the word “fairly”
D. bases a generalization on a sample that may not be representative
E. presumes, without providing justification, that older methods of managing employees are superior to newer ones
The executive’s argument is flawed in that it
A. presents as its sole premise a claim that one would accept as true only if one already accepted the truth of the conclusion
B. relies on evidence that cannot be verified
C. equivocates on the word “fairly”
D. bases a generalization on a sample that may not be representative
E. presumes, without providing justification, that older methods of managing employees are superior to newer ones
01 Sep 2025, 00:20
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Executive: Our company is proud of its long history of good relations with its employees. In fact, a recent survey of our retirees proves that we treat our employees fairly, since 95 percent of the respondents reported that they had always been treated fairly during the course of their careers with us.
Conclusion of the argument:
In fact, a recent survey of our retirees proves that we treat our employees fairly
Support for the conclusion:
95 percent of the respondents (to a survey) reported that they had always been treated fairly during the course of their careers with us
We see that the reasoning of the argument is that, since 95 percent of retirees from the company who responded to a survey reported that they had been treated fairly when they worked at the company, it must be the case that the company treats its employees fairly.
The executive’s argument is flawed in that it
This is a Logical Flaw question, and the correct answer will describe something that the argument does that represents a flaw in the argument.
A. presents as its sole premise a claim that one would accept as true only if one already accepted the truth of the conclusion
The information about the survey results could be accepted as true even if one did not accept the conclusion that the company treats its employees fairly.
After all, it could be that, for some reason, employees who responded to the survey reported that they were treated fairly even if the company does not in general treat employees fairly.
So, the claim presented as the argument's premise is not such that one would accept it as true only if one already accepted the truth of the conclusion.
Eliminate.
B. relies on evidence that cannot be verified
The evidence on which the argument relies, survey results, could be verified somehow.
So, the argument does not do what this choice says.
Eliminate.
C. equivocates on the word “fairly”
"Equivocate" means "avoid committing oneself in what one says."
The argument does not use the word "fairly" in an uncommitted way. Rather, the executive states in a clear and committed way that the company treats employees in a particular way, "fairly."
So, the argument doesn't do what this choice describes.
Eliminate.
D. bases a generalization on a sample that may not be representative
This choice is interesting.
The support for the conclusion is survey responses from "retirees."
There are two possible issues with that evidence.
One is that its possible that, out of the people surveyed, only some responded. If so, it could be that the employees who took the time to respond to a survey from the company tended to be those who felt well treated by the company, a biased sample
The other issue is that "retirees" from the company are people who remained at the company until they retired. In that case, the survey respondents could be a biased sample since people who did not feel well treated would tend to have left the company before retiring.
So, we see that argument is flawed in that it uses a sample, respondents to a survey of retirees, that may not be representative of "our employees" in general.
Keep.
E. presumes, without providing justification, that older methods of managing employees are superior to newer ones
"Presumes" is similar to "assumes." So, this choice means basically that the argument assumes that older methods of managing employees are superior to newer ones.
If we think about it, if older methods are superior to newer ones, that fact could weaken the argument.
After all, in that case, the fact that retirees, people who worked for the company in the past, felt that they were treated well might not mean that the company treats employees fairly currently. After all, if older methods are superior to newer ones, then past employees might have been managed in ways superior to those used by the company currently, meaning that current employees might not feel as well treated as past employees.
An argument would not assume something that goes against its conclusion. So, the argument does not do what this choice describes.
Eliminate.
Correct answer: D
Conclusion of the argument:
In fact, a recent survey of our retirees proves that we treat our employees fairly
Support for the conclusion:
95 percent of the respondents (to a survey) reported that they had always been treated fairly during the course of their careers with us
We see that the reasoning of the argument is that, since 95 percent of retirees from the company who responded to a survey reported that they had been treated fairly when they worked at the company, it must be the case that the company treats its employees fairly.
The executive’s argument is flawed in that it
This is a Logical Flaw question, and the correct answer will describe something that the argument does that represents a flaw in the argument.
A. presents as its sole premise a claim that one would accept as true only if one already accepted the truth of the conclusion
The information about the survey results could be accepted as true even if one did not accept the conclusion that the company treats its employees fairly.
After all, it could be that, for some reason, employees who responded to the survey reported that they were treated fairly even if the company does not in general treat employees fairly.
So, the claim presented as the argument's premise is not such that one would accept it as true only if one already accepted the truth of the conclusion.
Eliminate.
B. relies on evidence that cannot be verified
The evidence on which the argument relies, survey results, could be verified somehow.
So, the argument does not do what this choice says.
Eliminate.
C. equivocates on the word “fairly”
"Equivocate" means "avoid committing oneself in what one says."
The argument does not use the word "fairly" in an uncommitted way. Rather, the executive states in a clear and committed way that the company treats employees in a particular way, "fairly."
So, the argument doesn't do what this choice describes.
Eliminate.
D. bases a generalization on a sample that may not be representative
This choice is interesting.
The support for the conclusion is survey responses from "retirees."
There are two possible issues with that evidence.
One is that its possible that, out of the people surveyed, only some responded. If so, it could be that the employees who took the time to respond to a survey from the company tended to be those who felt well treated by the company, a biased sample
The other issue is that "retirees" from the company are people who remained at the company until they retired. In that case, the survey respondents could be a biased sample since people who did not feel well treated would tend to have left the company before retiring.
So, we see that argument is flawed in that it uses a sample, respondents to a survey of retirees, that may not be representative of "our employees" in general.
Keep.
E. presumes, without providing justification, that older methods of managing employees are superior to newer ones
"Presumes" is similar to "assumes." So, this choice means basically that the argument assumes that older methods of managing employees are superior to newer ones.
If we think about it, if older methods are superior to newer ones, that fact could weaken the argument.
After all, in that case, the fact that retirees, people who worked for the company in the past, felt that they were treated well might not mean that the company treats employees fairly currently. After all, if older methods are superior to newer ones, then past employees might have been managed in ways superior to those used by the company currently, meaning that current employees might not feel as well treated as past employees.
An argument would not assume something that goes against its conclusion. So, the argument does not do what this choice describes.
Eliminate.
Correct answer: D
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