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Question 1
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
56% (02:49) correct
44%
(02:44) wrong
based on 174
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
44% (01:22) correct 56%
(01:02) wrong
based on 183
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
75% (01:04) correct 25%
(01:19) wrong
based on 177
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
63% (01:09) correct 38%
(01:22) wrong
based on 168
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Obesity and overweight are risk factors linked to the appearance of a number of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, obesity also has an economic impact. Studies that have quantified the economic burden of obesity observe that the problem engenders significant costs for society. Such costs are not confined to those stemming from broader recourse to health services. Costs related to absenteeism, disability, and other productivity losses that obesity engenders are at least as high as costs related to healthcare. Accordingly, studies of the economic burden reveal that the rise in overweight and obesity is not a source of concern solely for the healthcare industry.
While scientific studies almost always note that obesity and overweight are linked to a considerable economic burden, significant differences are observed among these studies from the standpoint of the estimated costs. For example, one study concludes that, on average, annual medical expenses incurred for an obese American are $2,741 higher per year than those for an American of normal weight. In contrast, another study estimates the difference to be $620. Similarly, a study commissioned by the House of Commons in the UK estimates that the healthcare costs associated with obesity in the country account for between 2.3% and 2.6% of all public health spending, while another study estimates them to be around 4.6%.
One prime reason behind these differences is that the studies of the economic burden of obesity do not always examine the same kinds of costs. Some studies focus on direct costs, while others examine indirect costs or both costs. Direct costs refer to health service delivery to treat obesity-related health problems. The cost of hospitalization, medical consultations in outpatient clinics, and the consumption of medications are direct costs that have received the most attention in the scientific literature. Indirect costs refer to lost productivity when individuals must temporarily (absenteeism) or permanently (disability or premature mortality) leave work for health reasons. Such costs are based on the consideration of the contribution that the individuals would have made to the economy in the absence of health problems. Certain researchers also examine the reduction in the productivity of workers in the workplace whose performance is impaired by their illness. While indirect costs provide a wider perspective on the costs associated with obesity, some economic consequences are rarely recognized. For example, account is often not taken of the delay in economic contribution of obese adolescents due to prolonged sickness before they start earning.
While scientific studies almost always note that obesity and overweight are linked to a considerable economic burden, significant differences are observed among these studies from the standpoint of the estimated costs. For example, one study concludes that, on average, annual medical expenses incurred for an obese American are $2,741 higher per year than those for an American of normal weight. In contrast, another study estimates the difference to be $620. Similarly, a study commissioned by the House of Commons in the UK estimates that the healthcare costs associated with obesity in the country account for between 2.3% and 2.6% of all public health spending, while another study estimates them to be around 4.6%.
One prime reason behind these differences is that the studies of the economic burden of obesity do not always examine the same kinds of costs. Some studies focus on direct costs, while others examine indirect costs or both costs. Direct costs refer to health service delivery to treat obesity-related health problems. The cost of hospitalization, medical consultations in outpatient clinics, and the consumption of medications are direct costs that have received the most attention in the scientific literature. Indirect costs refer to lost productivity when individuals must temporarily (absenteeism) or permanently (disability or premature mortality) leave work for health reasons. Such costs are based on the consideration of the contribution that the individuals would have made to the economy in the absence of health problems. Certain researchers also examine the reduction in the productivity of workers in the workplace whose performance is impaired by their illness. While indirect costs provide a wider perspective on the costs associated with obesity, some economic consequences are rarely recognized. For example, account is often not taken of the delay in economic contribution of obese adolescents due to prolonged sickness before they start earning.
1. Which of the following cases is not likely to be considered while studying economic costs associated with obesity as per the passage?
A. An obese mailman is unable to deliver all assigned mail because he is unable to walk fast enough.
B. A firefighter was temporarily shifted to a clerical job because he was found too overweight to be fit for firefighting.
C. A middle-aged lady consulted doctors in a diabetes clinic to seek help regarding her weight-induced diabetes.
D. An elderly lady underwent a knee-replacement surgery that was complicated because of her obesity.
E. A college student’s job offer was withdrawn after he failed his final exam because of depression due to obesity.
A. An obese mailman is unable to deliver all assigned mail because he is unable to walk fast enough.
B. A firefighter was temporarily shifted to a clerical job because he was found too overweight to be fit for firefighting.
C. A middle-aged lady consulted doctors in a diabetes clinic to seek help regarding her weight-induced diabetes.
D. An elderly lady underwent a knee-replacement surgery that was complicated because of her obesity.
E. A college student’s job offer was withdrawn after he failed his final exam because of depression due to obesity.
2. The author implies which of the following about direct and indirect costs associated with obesity?
A. Obese individuals are the only bearers of these costs.
B. The difference between the two costs is wider in the US than in the UK.
C. Both the costs are comparable in terms of economic impact.
D. Scientific literature is observed to discuss only indirect costs.
E. Indirect costs consider all economic impacts, whereas direct costs consider only direct impacts.
A. Obese individuals are the only bearers of these costs.
B. The difference between the two costs is wider in the US than in the UK.
C. Both the costs are comparable in terms of economic impact.
D. Scientific literature is observed to discuss only indirect costs.
E. Indirect costs consider all economic impacts, whereas direct costs consider only direct impacts.
3. The passage mentions each of the following about the studies that quantify the economic burden of obesity EXCEPT:
A. They differ in terms of their approach towards evaluating costs.
B. They demonstrate that increasing obesity is the biggest concern for the healthcare industry.
C. They do not address all economic impacts.
D. They produce estimates of economic burden that differ significantly.
E. They generally suggest that obesity generates significant economic costs.
A. They differ in terms of their approach towards evaluating costs.
B. They demonstrate that increasing obesity is the biggest concern for the healthcare industry.
C. They do not address all economic impacts.
D. They produce estimates of economic burden that differ significantly.
E. They generally suggest that obesity generates significant economic costs.
4. Which of the following is true about the structure of the passage?
A. The first paragraph mentions an observation that is debated in the rest of the passage.
B. The second paragraph mentions two studies that are found to be overlapping in the third paragraph.
C. The third paragraph mentions two types of approaches to confirm a claim made in the second paragraph.
D. The second paragraph mentions two studies, the difference in whose results is explained in the third paragraph.
E. The first paragraph mentions an observation that is quantified in the third paragraph.
A. The first paragraph mentions an observation that is debated in the rest of the passage.
B. The second paragraph mentions two studies that are found to be overlapping in the third paragraph.
C. The third paragraph mentions two types of approaches to confirm a claim made in the second paragraph.
D. The second paragraph mentions two studies, the difference in whose results is explained in the third paragraph.
E. The first paragraph mentions an observation that is quantified in the third paragraph.
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19 Feb 2026, 21:35
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ExpertsGlobal5
1. Which of the following cases is not likely to be considered while studying economic costs associated with obesity as per the passage?
We need to narrow down to an option which doesn’t match the economic costs. Here, economic costs involves two things - direct and indirect costs.
Direct economic costs includes : hospitiliazation, medical consulting etc.
Indirect costs deals with aspects that has occured because of obesity - low performance at work, absenteeism, disability, productivity loss.
A. An obese mailman is unable to deliver all assigned mail because he is unable to walk fast enough.
Performance low, hence an indirect economic costs.
B. A firefighter was temporarily shifted to a clerical job because he was found too overweight to be fit for firefighting.
Underperforming or productivity loss. Thus, a valid indirect economic cost.
C. A middle-aged lady consulted doctors in a diabetes clinic to seek help regarding her weight-induced diabetes.
Diabetes has occured due to diabetes, and she seeks medical consultations- direct economic costs.
D. An elderly lady underwent a knee-replacement surgery that was complicated because of her obesity.
Medical Treatment because of obesity, leading to knee replacement surgery. Hence, a medical procedure associated with obesity- direct economic costs.
E. A college student’s job offer was withdrawn after he failed his final exam because of depression due to obesity.
His failure in final exams cannot be directly attributed to economic costs. Depression due to obesity is not among the indirect factors mentioned in this passage. As per the article above, we can say this doesn’t apply or fit into our view of economic costs. Hence, correct answer.
Option E
2. The author implies which of the following about direct and indirect costs associated with obesity?
A. Obese individuals are the only bearers of these costs.
This option is not correct as per the lines of the last paragraph - “ Such costs are based on the consideration of the contribution that the individuals would have made to the economy in the absence of health problems”. These costs (Direct and Indirect) are considered in the view, the impact they create in economy.
B. The difference between the two costs is wider in the US than in the UK.
There are differences within US results and the amount for UK is in percentages. Hence, cannot be compared. Wrong.
C. Both the costs are comparable in terms of economic impact.
As per the passage we can infer that these two costs speak about the economic impact it can make. Hence, Correct answer. This can be verified from these lines - “Costs related to absenteeism, disability, and other productivity losses that obesity engenders are at least as high as costs related to healthcare”.
D. Scientific literature is observed to discuss only indirect costs.
The literature speaks about both the aspects. Hence, wrong.
E. Indirect costs consider all economic impacts, whereas direct costs consider only direct impacts.
This is contradicting the general theme of the passage. Hence, Wrong.
Option C
3. The passage mentions each of the following about the studies that quantify the economic burden of obesity EXCEPT:
A. They differ in terms of their approach towards evaluating costs.
The passage is structured how you differentiate between direct and indirect costs. The parameters used to as certain the aspect.
B. They demonstrate that increasing obesity is the biggest concern for the healthcare industry.
Nowhere in the passage is it mentioned that Obesity is the biggest concern for the health care industry. Obesity has impacted both the health care as well as economic aspect of the world. Hence, Wrong.
C. They do not address all economic impacts.
The passage mentions these lines to state that, the scientific study focussed on these parameters more compared to others. And there are few parameters which are not mentioned in this study. So, we can say the study is not 100% inclusive of all parameters. Hence, wrong.
”The cost of hospitalization, medical consultations in outpatient clinics, and the consumption of medications are direct costs that have received the most attention in the scientific literature”.
D. They produce estimates of economic burden that differ significantly.
Economic estimates of burden is made for USA and UK, and that too specifically within USA there exists sharp contrast on the amounts.
E. They generally suggest that obesity generates significant economic costs.
These lines from paragraph one, “ Studies that have quantified the economic burden of obesity observe that the problem engenders significant costs for society” explains this option to be true.
Option B.
4. Which of the following is true about the structure of the passage?
A. The first paragraph mentions an observation that is debated in the rest of the passage.
We are not debating, rather we are putting forth different views and perspectives to the discussion to make it more meaningful and relevant. Hence, wrong.
B. The second paragraph mentions two studies that are found to be overlapping in the third paragraph.
Overlapping means the same aspect is used in both paragraphs, that’s we see a commonality in between these paragraphs. While, we actually see differences emanating right from the first line of paragraph 3. Hence, Wrong.
C. The third paragraph mentions two types of approaches to confirm a claim made in the second paragraph.
It doesn’t mention two approaches, it rather adds a layer of information to the existing information. Second paragraph speaks about the spending in USA and UK. While third para speaks about the how economic costs can be bifurcated into direct and indirect costs. Hence, wrong.
D. The second paragraph mentions two studies, the difference in whose results is explained in the third paragraph.
Does the second para speaks about two studies : Yes. These words : For example, one study and Similarly, a study makes clear that there were two studies.
The third para initial lines are “One prime reason behind these differences is that the studies of the economic burden of obesity do not always examine the same kinds of costs” explaining the differences in these studies. This option is the exact way how the passage is traversing. Correct answer.
E. The first paragraph mentions an observation that is quantified in the third paragraph.
The observation made at first para is not quantified in third paragraph, but data is presented in the second paragraph. Hence, wrong.
Option D
22 Feb 2026, 05:45
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ExpertsGlobal5
Mind-map
To establish that obesity has an economic impact outside the healthcare industry (Paragraph 1)
To observe differences in various studies estimating the economic burden of obesity (Paragraph 2)
To explain that differences in estimates occur because different studies consider different costs (Paragraph 3)
= = = = = = = = = =
1. Which of the following cases is not likely to be considered while studying economic costs associated with obesity as per the passage?a. An obese mailman is unable to deliver all assigned mail because he is unable to walk fast enough.
b. A firefighter was temporarily shifted to a clerical job because he was found too overweight to be fit for firefighting.
c. A middle-aged lady consulted doctors in a diabetes clinic to seek help regarding her weight-induced diabetes.
d. An elderly lady underwent a knee-replacement surgery that was complicated because of her obesity.
e. A college student’s job offer was withdrawn after he failed his final exam because of depression due to obesity.
Question Type: Inference
E is the best choice.
Video explanation:
2. The author implies which of the following about direct and indirect costs associated with obesity?
a. Obese individuals are the only bearers of these costs.
b. The difference between the two costs is wider in the US than in the UK.
c. Both the costs are comparable in terms of economic impact.
d. Scientific literature is observed to discuss only indirect costs.
e. Indirect costs consider all economic impacts, whereas direct costs consider only direct impacts.
Question Type: Inference
C is the best choice.
Video explanation:
3. The passage mentions each of the following about the studies that quantify the economic burden of obesity EXCEPT:
a. They differ in terms of their approach towards evaluating costs.
b. They demonstrate that increasing obesity is the biggest concern for the healthcare industry.
c. They do not address all economic impacts.
d. They produce estimates of economic burden that differ significantly.
e. They generally suggest that obesity generates significant economic costs.
Question Type: Fact
B is the best choice.
Video explanation:
4. Which of the following is true about the structure of the passage?
a. The first paragraph mentions an observation that is debated in the rest of the passage.
b. The second paragraph mentions two studies that are found to be overlapping in the third paragraph.
c. The third paragraph mentions two types of approaches to confirm a claim made in the second paragraph.
d. The second paragraph mentions two studies, the difference in whose results is explained in the third paragraph.
e. The first paragraph mentions an observation that is quantified in the third paragraph.
Question Type: Structure
D is the best choice.
Video explanation:
