When Dr. Rachel Thompson assumed the leadership of

Question

When Dr. Rachel Thompson assumed the leadership of the Health Awareness Coalition, she began a ten-year battle to promote the use of renewable energy sources among major corporations in the United States. In 2021, the Coalition achieved a significant victory when several large corporations publicly committed to transitioning to renewable energy sources by 2030. Dr. Thompson's efforts helped transform the attitude of corporate leaders towards sustainability and their role in environmental stewardship. Eventually, her work helped to weaken the resistance among industry giants to adopting green energy solutions.

In her campaign, Dr. Thompson faced formidable obstacles. The first was corporate leaders' understandable skepticism toward renewable energy, which had historically been perceived as cost-inefficient. An additional obstacle was the lobbying power of the fossil fuel industry, which weakened support among corporations for an independent transition to green energy.

The Coalition possessed a number of advantages, however, including Dr. Thompson's own strategic abilities. In 2016, she took the bold step of organizing a nationwide campaign to educate the public about the benefits of renewable energy. Such a campaign, on a national scale, under effective leadership, helped replace the stereotype of renewable energy as an impractical choice with the image of it as a viable and necessary solution. In addition, the Coalition's widespread network of supporters aided its efforts. Supporters were spread throughout the country, communicating through social media and local events; their grassroots efforts protected the Coalition's internal communications from being intercepted by opponents. That the Coalition had a clear and unified mission of promoting renewable energy among major corporations strengthened its resolve and encouraged a sense of collective identity and solidarity. But it was only in the late 2010s that federal incentives and subsidies for renewable energy made it financially feasible for corporations to commit to the transition.

Not content with this triumph, Dr. Thompson integrated the Coalition into the International Renewable Energy Alliance, where it became an equal partner among the organization's 50 other member groups. She reasoned that as a member group, the Coalition would be in a better position to exert pressure on member corporations that were slow to adopt green energy practices. Such practices were eventually mandated by international agreements in 2022.   1 
 1. According to the passage, by 2021 the skepticism of corporate leaders toward renewable energy was

(A) unchanged except among corporations in the technology sector
(B) reinforced by the lobbying efforts of the fossil fuel industry
(C) mitigated by the efforts of Dr. Thompson
(D) weakened by the immediate financial benefits of federal incentives
(E) largely alleviated because of the policies of the International Renewable Energy Alliance

2 
 2. In using the word "understandable", the author most clearly conveys

(A) sympathy with attempts by the Coalition between 2011 and 2021 to promote renewable energy
(B) concern that the obstacles faced by Dr. Thompson between 2011 and 2021 were indeed formidable
(C) ambivalence about the significance of renewable energy to most corporations in the 2010s
(D) appreciation of the attitude of many corporate leaders in the 2010s toward renewable energy
(E) regret at the historical attitude of corporations toward renewable energy

3 
 3. The passage suggests that in the 2010s a company in the United States was able to

(A) use its own funds to set up a lobbying group against renewable energy
(B) require its employees to support the company's stance on energy policies
(C) develop a unified energy policy for all its subsidiaries with little opposition
(D) pressure its employees to promote fossil fuels over renewable energy
(E) use its resources to prevent the passage of federal incentives for renewable energy

4 
 4. The passage supplies information concerning which of the following matters related to Dr. Thompson?

(A) The steps she took to initiate the founding of the Coalition
(B) Her motivation for integrating the Coalition into the International Renewable Energy Alliance
(C) The influence she had on the passage of international agreements mandating green energy practices in 2022
(D) The influence she had on the passage of federal incentives for renewable energy in the late 2010s
(E) The success she and the Coalition had in influencing the energy policies of other member groups in the International Renewable Energy Alliance

5 
 5. The passage suggests which of the following about the response of major corporations to the Coalition's push for renewable energy before the late 2010s?

(A) Most major corporations were initially enthusiastic about transitioning to renewable energy but faced logistical challenges.
(B) Major corporations were generally resistant to transitioning to renewable energy due to perceived cost inefficiencies.
(C) Many major corporations committed to renewable energy before the Coalition achieved its first significant victory in 2021.
(D) The response of major corporations was most positive after the Coalition joined the International Renewable Energy Alliance.
(E) Major corporations were unaffected by the federal incentives and subsidies for renewable energy.

guddo · Answer

1. According to the passage, by 2021 the skepticism of corporate leaders toward renewable energy was

The passage says corporate leaders were initially skeptical of renewable energy because they saw it as cost-inefficient. Dr. Thompson’s campaign helped change that attitude by presenting renewable energy as viable and necessary. By 2021, several large corporations had committed to transitioning to renewable energy, so the skepticism had been  reduced by her efforts .

(A) unchanged except among corporations in the technology sector

Wrong. The passage does not mention the technology sector, and it says corporate attitudes had changed.

(B) reinforced by the lobbying efforts of the fossil fuel industry

Wrong. Fossil fuel lobbying was an obstacle, but the passage says resistance was eventually weakened, not reinforced.

(C) mitigated by the efforts of Dr. Thompson

Correct. “Mitigated” means reduced or made less severe. The passage directly says Dr. Thompson’s work helped transform corporate leaders’ attitudes and weaken their resistance to green energy.

(D) weakened by the immediate financial benefits of federal incentives

Wrong. Federal incentives made the transition financially feasible in the late 2010s, but the passage does not say the benefits were immediate or that they were the main reason skepticism changed.

(E) largely alleviated because of the policies of the International Renewable Energy Alliance

Wrong. The Coalition joined the International Renewable Energy Alliance after the 2021 triumph, so that cannot explain corporate leaders’ skepticism  by 2021 .

Answer: (C)

guddo · Answer

2. In using the word "understandable", the author most clearly conveys

The passage says corporate leaders were skeptical because renewable energy had historically been seen as cost-inefficient. By calling that skepticism “understandable,” the author shows that the corporate leaders’ attitude had a reasonable basis, even though Dr. Thompson ultimately worked against it.  The word signals explanation, not approval .

(A) sympathy with attempts by the Coalition between 2011 and 2021 to promote renewable energy

Wrong. “Understandable” refers to the corporate leaders’ skepticism, not to the Coalition’s campaign.

(B) concern that the obstacles faced by Dr. Thompson between 2011 and 2021 were indeed formidable

Wrong. The obstacles were formidable, but “understandable” specifically describes the skepticism, not the author’s concern about the obstacles.

(C) ambivalence about the significance of renewable energy to most corporations in the 2010s

Wrong. The author is not unsure about renewable energy’s significance. The passage presents renewable energy as important and necessary.

(D) appreciation of the attitude of many corporate leaders in the 2010s toward renewable energy

Correct. “Appreciation” here means the author recognizes why corporate leaders held that attitude. Their skepticism was  reasonable from their cost-based perspective .

(E) regret at the historical attitude of corporations toward renewable energy

Wrong. The word does not express regret. It explains why the skepticism made sense at the time.

Answer: (D)

guddo · Answer

3. The passage suggests that in the 2010s a company in the United States was able to

The passage says Dr. Thompson’s campaign faced resistance from corporate skepticism and from the lobbying power of the fossil fuel industry. It also says this lobbying weakened support for an independent corporate transition to renewable energy.  So the passage suggests that fossil-fuel-related companies had organized influence  that could be used against renewable energy efforts.

(A) use its own funds to set up a lobbying group against renewable energy

This is the best answer. The passage mentions the lobbying power of the fossil fuel industry, so it suggests that companies in that industry could use resources to support lobbying against renewable energy adoption.

(B) require its employees to support the company's stance on energy policies

Wrong. The passage says nothing about companies forcing employees to support any policy position.

(C) develop a unified energy policy for all its subsidiaries with little opposition

Wrong. The passage discusses corporate resistance to renewable energy, not internal subsidiary policy.

(D) pressure its employees to promote fossil fuels over renewable energy

Wrong. The passage mentions lobbying influence, but not employee pressure.

(E) use its resources to prevent the passage of federal incentives for renewable energy

Wrong. Federal incentives existed in the late 2010s, and the passage says they made renewable energy financially feasible. So this choice goes  against the passage .

Answer: (A)

guddo · Answer

4. The passage supplies information concerning which of the following matters related to Dr. Thompson?

The passage describes Dr. Thompson’s campaign, the obstacles she faced, the Coalition’s advantages, and what she did after the 2021 success. It specifically explains why she integrated the Coalition into the International Renewable Energy Alliance: she thought membership would give the Coalition more leverage over slow-moving corporations.  That motivation is directly stated .

(A) The steps she took to initiate the founding of the Coalition

Wrong. The passage says she assumed leadership of the Coalition, but it does not explain how the Coalition was founded.

(B) Her motivation for integrating the Coalition into the International Renewable Energy Alliance

Correct. The passage says she reasoned that joining the Alliance would put the Coalition in a better position to pressure corporations that were slow to adopt green energy practices. This gives her  reason for taking that action .

(C) The influence she had on the passage of international agreements mandating green energy practices in 2022

Wrong. The passage says such practices were mandated by international agreements in 2022, but it does not say Dr. Thompson influenced those agreements.

(D) The influence she had on the passage of federal incentives for renewable energy in the late 2010s

Wrong. The passage says federal incentives helped make corporate transition feasible, but it does not say she helped pass those incentives.

(E) The success she and the Coalition had in influencing the energy policies of other member groups in the International Renewable Energy Alliance

Wrong. The passage explains why she joined the Alliance, but it does not say the Coalition successfully influenced other member groups.

Answer: (B)

guddo · Answer

5. The passage suggests which of the following about the response of major corporations to the Coalition's push for renewable energy before the late 2010s?

The passage says major corporations were skeptical of renewable energy because it had historically been viewed as cost-inefficient. Before the late 2010s, this skepticism was still a major obstacle, and only later did federal incentives make transition financially feasible.  So the early corporate response was mostly resistance based on cost concerns .

(A) Most major corporations were initially enthusiastic about transitioning to renewable energy but faced logistical challenges.

Wrong. The passage says corporate leaders were skeptical, not enthusiastic.

(B) Major corporations were generally resistant to transitioning to renewable energy due to perceived cost inefficiencies.

Correct. The passage directly says one obstacle was corporate leaders’ skepticism toward renewable energy because it had historically been perceived as cost-inefficient.

(C) Many major corporations committed to renewable energy before the Coalition achieved its first significant victory in 2021.

Wrong. The passage says the significant victory came in 2021, when several large corporations committed to renewable energy.

(D) The response of major corporations was most positive after the Coalition joined the International Renewable Energy Alliance.

Wrong. The Coalition joined the Alliance after the 2021 triumph, so this does not describe the response before the late 2010s.

(E) Major corporations were unaffected by the federal incentives and subsidies for renewable energy.

Wrong. The passage says federal incentives and subsidies made the transition financially feasible, so they did affect corporate willingness.

Answer: (B)

vasu1104 · Answer

passage 1= introduction about Dr thompson and her ten year battle to promote use of renewable energy sources among major corp in usa.
passage 2= introducing two formidable obstacles she faced. one was const inefficiency about renewable energy and other was lobbying power of fossil fuel industry.
passage 3= talks about her nationwide campaign and how that changed the things in her side.
passage 4= talks about her integrating coalition into international renewable energy alliance and reasoning behind it.

Q-1.
passage 1 says that with thompsons effort helped transform corporate leaders attitude towards sustainability. and in 2021 they agreed they by 2030, they would be transitioning to renewable energy sources. so basically the skepticism of corporate leaders was turned away by thompson and her work. Choice C talks about that.

Q-2. so in second passage author uses the word UNDERSTANDABLE to say that corporate leaders concerns were genuine about renewable energy. 
A it wasnt about sympathy to promote the coalition. reject.
B actually the whole passage was about the obstacle faced by thompson but the word was not for that. reject.
C not at all. this is out of context here. reject.
D yes. this clearly capture the essence of that word and meaning of it. also it matches what i said in the beginning. so keep.
E not about the regret from corporate leaders. utterly rubbish here.

Q-3.
A at the end of passage 2, this is mentioned that there was obstacle of lobbying power of fossil fuel industry. so this choice can be enough to state that message. keep.
B no mention of such activity from company side, reject.
C passage never mentions about corp developing any unified policies with little oppositions.
D this is out of scope. nothing like this. reject.
E no, the passage only talks about corp getting incentives and subsidies in late 2010s.

Q-4.
A we dont know how she initiated the founding of coalition. only thing we are told is that she led the coalition and brought some changes with her consistent efforts. so reject.
B perfect. last passage talks about this.
C passage only talks about her reasoning behind integrating coalition into international renewable energy alliance but never mentioned anything about her influence on the agreement. reject.
D passage never talks about her influence on federal incentives at all. nothing has been said about who initiated those incentives. what we were told is that those incentives were enough to convince leaders to move toward renewable energy. reject.
E this is nowhere near to whats been discussed in passage. reject.

Q-5
A no they were not enthusiastic at all. reject.
B yes. this is mentioned in passage 2. 
C not at all. 
D this is out of scope. actually integration happened after coalition achieved it success in changing corp leaders thinking. reject
E no its other way around. those incentives made it feasible for corp to transition into renewable energy. reject.

When Dr. Rachel Thompson assumed the leadership of

Prep Toolkit

Top 5 GMAT Debrief Videos

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

More than Quant/Verbal Abilities: Speed vs. Accuracy

745 with Only Self-Prep and GMAT Club

From 555 to 765: 210-point Improvement

Perfect 805 Score Debrief by Julia

My Rewards

GMAT Reading Comprehension (RC) Questions

When Dr. Rachel Thompson assumed the leadership of

Prep Toolkit

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

More than Quant/Verbal Abilities: Speed vs. Accuracy

745 with Only Self-Prep and GMAT Club

From 555 to 765: 210-point Improvement

Perfect 805 Score Debrief by Julia

My Rewards