The Industrial Revolution required levels of financing which

Question

The Industrial Revolution required levels of financing  which were previously unknown ; for instance, Florence had eighty banking houses that took deposits, made loans, and performed many of the other functions of a modern bank.

(A) which were previously unknown
(B) that were previously unknown
(C) unknown before that time
(D) which had been unknown in earlier times
(E) that was previously unknown

rahimk7 · Answer

I am more inclined towards answer choice B

Levels of Financing that were previously unknown.

This is one independent clause .

Which in answer choice A does not clearly modify level. It may refer to Financing and hence ambiguity.

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rahimk7 · Answer

Can you please explain why you selected Past progressive Tense.

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matthewsmith_89 · Answer

The answer can not be D. The reason is that most of the times, a comma should be placed before which.

rohan2345 · Answer

Here is the official explanation.

This sentence correction question has an improperly used pronoun. You use which to introduce nonessential clauses. Because the information after the which is essential to the meaning of the sentence, you have to use that instead. You can eliminate A and D because both keep the which construction. C uses too many words to mean previously unknown, and E changes which to that but presents a new problem because that refers to levels, which is plural, so it requires the plural verb have. Thus, B is the only answer that corrects the problem without creating new ones. Correct answer: B.

Hope this helps.

arvind910619 · Answer

IMO B
Which is incorrectly used in the original sentence.

GMATNinja · Answer

Just a friendly reminder to please please please include the source whenever you post a new question! Looks like this one is from GMAT for Dummies?

Responding to a PM:

In this case, I think that the official explanation is basically correct. (Though you're always MUCH better off relying on official GMAT questions!) The underlined modifying phrase ("which were previously unknown" or "that were previously unknown") is clearly essential information: without it, it would be really hard to understand what sort of financing we're talking about, and the sentence wouldn't make much sense. For an essential modifier, you'll always use "that" (without a comma); for non-essential modifiers, use "which" -- and "which" is always preceded by a comma when used at the beginning of a non-essential modifier.

I wouldn't worry too much about the distinction between essential and non-essential modifiers, though. I can think of a few official GMAT SC questions that include both "which" and "that" in the answer choices, but the distinction between "which" and "that" is rarely the deciding factor on official questions. Actually, I don't think that it's ever the deciding factor on any official GMAT questions -- but maybe I'm missing one somewhere. Either way, don't lose too much sleep over this.

VerbalBot · Answer

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The Industrial Revolution required levels of financing which

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GMAT Sentence Correction (SC - EA only) Questions

The Industrial Revolution required levels of financing which

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