Some journalists believe that the influence of American culture and politics is so powerful that ideas and trends
emanating from Los Angeles or Washington D.C. in spring have taken root in London and Tokyo by autumn, such as the proposed health care reform.A. emanating from Los Angeles or Washington D.C. in spring have taken root in London and Tokyo by autumn, such as the proposed health care reform
Sentence meaning is that ideas from America influence other Western countries 6 months later, with an example tacked on the end as supporting evidence as a non-essential modifier.
Emanating in spring makes spring the spring of any year (not just this particular spring) the time frame, meaning that autumn will be 6 months in the future. This sequence ins't clear with 'have taken root', which uses the past tense
Emanating isn't the present progressive tense as it is not preceded by a form of to be, but is instead a gerund (simple present tense would be preferred anyway as an eternal state is described in the sentence). [Experts, please clarify if this bold section is correct. Not sure if the
is carries over to
emanating to make it a working verb].
B. emanated from Los Angeles or Washington D.C. have taken root in London and Tokyo by autumn, such as the proposed health care reform
is...emanated does not work
C. emanating from Los Angeles or Washington D.C., such as the proposed health care reform, have in London and Tokyo taken root by autumn
Experts: sounds bad, but I can't explain why have in London and Tokyo taken root by autumn is actually wrongD. emanating from Los Angeles or Washington D.C., taken root in London and Tokyo, such as the autumn proposed health care reform
What have the ideas and trends emanating done? We don't know, the clause is incomplete before the comma. The clause after the comma is also incomplete as it is missing a working verb
E. emanating from Los Angeles or Washington D.C. in spring, such as the proposed health care reform, will take root in London and Tokyo by autumn.
Has all the benefits of A while lacking the past tense
have taken root, which has been replaced with the future tense
will take root. This now makes logical sense.
E