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Some journalists believe that the influence of American culture and politics is so powerful that ideas and trends emanating from Los Angeles or Washington D.C. in spring have taken root in London and Tokyo by autumn, such as the proposed health care reform.

A. emanating from Los Angeles or Washington D.C. in spring have taken root in London and Tokyo by autumn, such as the proposed health care reform "have taken root" uses the present perfect tense, which implies that an event occurring in the past is continuing till the present. This conflicts with "is so powerful" in the non-underlined portion, which speaks about a general truth applicable in the present.A simple present or present continuous tense for "emanate" is the correct usage.

B. emanated from Los Angeles or Washington D.C. have taken root in London and Tokyo by autumn, such as the proposed health care reform Same issue as (A). The sentence talks about a general truth and hence the usage of "emanated" in the past tense is incorrect.

C. emanating from Los Angeles or Washington D.C., such as the proposed health care reform, have in London and Tokyo taken root by autumn "have in London and Tokyo taken root" is incorrect. The verb "have taken root" should be followed by the receiver of the action (the object) ie; "London and Tokyo", and not be preceded by the object.

D. emanating from Los Angeles or Washington D.C., taken root in London and Tokyo, such as the autumn proposed health care reform Results in a sentence fragment and not a complete sentence.

E. emanating from Los Angeles or Washington D.C. in spring, such as the proposed health care reform, will take root in London and Tokyo by autumn. Correct

Hope this helps.
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