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06 Oct 2021, 01:30
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C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
54% (01:20) correct
46%
(01:29)
wrong
based on 353
sessions
History
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Not Attempted Yet
The royal procession from Buckingham Palace to St. Paul's cathedral, held on June 22, 1897 as part of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebration, was met by crowds with waving flags, cheering, and singing.
A. was met by crowds with waving flags, cheering, and singing
B. was met by crowds with waving flags, cheers, and songs
C. was met by crowds waving flags, cheering, and singing
D. met with crowds who waved flags, cheered, and sang
E. was met with by flag-waving, cheering and singing crowds
A. was met by crowds with waving flags, cheering, and singing
B. was met by crowds with waving flags, cheers, and songs
C. was met by crowds waving flags, cheering, and singing
D. met with crowds who waved flags, cheered, and sang
E. was met with by flag-waving, cheering and singing crowds
07 Oct 2021, 01:15
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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
The royal procession from Buckingham Palace to St. Paul's cathedral, held on June 22, 1897 as part of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebration, was met by crowds with waving flags, cheering, and singing.
A. was met by crowds with waving flags, cheering, and singing
Incorrect.
This answer choice is illogical. While all three items in the list are grammatically parallel, they are not logically parallel.
The list's three items are noun phrases or nouns: ([met by] crowds with waving flags, cheering, and singing), but the first item is the actor who performs for the action (crowds with waving flags) while the second and third items are actions without an actor (cheering, singing).
Note that there is an alternate way to identify the parallelism in the sentence, but this does not solve the illogical construction: (crowds with [waving flags, cheering, and singing]). In such a parallel construction, the items [crowds with] cheering and [crowds] with singing, are illogical, because the use of the preposition with doesn't make sense.
This question is tricky in that it uses the Verb+ing forms (waving, cheering, singing) in different ways: they can appear either as verbs, nouns or adjectives in the various answer choices.
- Example: Verb+ing form riding
Jane is riding a bike (verb)
John is wearing riding boots (adjective)
Riding is fun. (noun)
Although the form is identical, riding is a different part of speech in each appearance, depending on its syntactical function in the sentence.
B. was met by crowds with waving flags, cheers, and songs
Incorrect.
This answer choice is illogical. While all three items in the list are grammatically parallel, they are not logically parallel.
In the list of nouns ([crowds with] waving flags, cheers, and songs), the parallel construction requires the preposition with to be understood as part of the parallelism. However, the complete phrases [crowds with] cheers and [crowds with] songs don't make sense.
C. was met by crowds waving flags, cheering, and singing
This answer choice corrects the Parallelism mistake in the original sentence by eliminating the preposition with (crowds with waving flags --> crowds waving flags). As a result, a new parallel construction with three non-conjugated verbs is formed: waving [flags], cheering, and singing. Since all three actions are performed by the crowds, the corrected sentence is both grammatically and logically correct.
In addition, this answer choice is stylistically superior to answer choice E, because it does not imply that all the crowds performed all three actions. It can be understood as saying that various crowds waved flags, while others cheered or sang.
This question is tricky in that it uses the Verb+ing forms (waving, cheering, singing) in different ways: they can appear either as verbs, nouns or adjectives in the various answer choices.
- Example: Verb+ing form riding
Jane is riding a bike (verb)
John is wearing riding boots (adjective)
Riding is fun. (noun)
Although the form is identical, riding is a different part of speech in each appearance, depending on its syntactical function in the sentence.
D. met with crowds who waved flags, cheered, and sang
Incorrect.
While this answer choice corrects the Parallelism mistake in the original sentence by changing the three items in the list into conjugated verbs waved, cheered, and sang, it creates a new grammatical mistake.
The corrected sentence changes the prepositional phrase with waving flags, etc. into a relative clause by using the relative pronoun who to refer to crowds. Crowds however is a non-human noun, and therefore it can only be referred to by the pronoun which or that.
E. was met with by flag-waving, cheering and singing crowds
Incorrect.
This question is tricky in that it uses the Verb+ing forms (waving, cheering, singing) in different ways: they can appear either as verbs, nouns or adjectives in the various answer choices.
- Example: Verb+ing form riding
Jane is riding a bike (verb)
John is wearing riding boots (adjective)
Riding is fun. (noun)
Although the form is identical, riding is a different part of speech in each appearance, depending on its syntactical function in the sentence.
While this answer choice corrects the Parallelism mistake in the original sentence by changing the three items in the list into adjectives that describe crowds -- flag-waving, cheering, and singing -- it is stylistically flawed. The use of two consecutive prepositions (met with by) is wordy and redundant.
General Discussion
06 Oct 2021, 04:29
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Dear Friends,
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of the crucial part of this sentence is that the royal procession was met by crowds that were waving flags, cheering, and singing.
Concepts tested here: Meaning + Parallelism + Verb Forms
• Present participles ("verb+ing" – “waving”, “singing”, and “chanting” in this sentence) are used to modify nouns, refer to ongoing events in any time period, and (when preceded by a comma) express cause-effect relationships.
• The simple past continuous tense is used to refer to actions that were ongoing over a period of time in the past.
• The simple past tense is only used to refer to actions that concluded in the past.
• "who" is only used to refer to human beings.
• All elements in a list must be parallel.
A: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "with waving flags"; the construction of this phrase illogically implies that the royal procession was met by crowds that had flags that were waving by themselves; the intended meaning is that the royal procession was met by crowds that were actively waving flags. Further, Option A fails to maintain parallelism among "waving flags", "cheering", and "singing", as the first is a noun phrase due to the use of "with" and the latter two are verbs; please remember, all elements in a list must be parallel.
B: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "with waving flags"; the construction of this phrase illogically implies that the royal procession was met by crowds that had flags that were waving by themselves; the intended meaning is that the royal procession was met by crowds that were actively waving flags.
C: Correct. This answer choice uses the phrase "was met by crowds waving flags"; the construction of this phrase and the modification of "crowds" with "waving flags" conveys the intended meaning - that the royal procession was met by crowds that were waving flags, cheering, and singing. Further, Option C avoids the pronoun error seen in Option D, as it employs no pronouns. Additionally, Option D correctly uses present participles ("verb+ing" - "waving", "singing", and "chanting" in this sentence) to refer to ongoing actions in the past; please remember, past participles ("verb + ing") can be used to refer to ongoing actions in any time period. Besides, Option C maintains parallelism among "waving flags", "cheering", and "singing", as in this context all three are verb phrases.
D: This answer choice refers to the non-human noun "crowds" with the pronoun "who"; please remember, "who" is only used to refer to human beings. Further, Option D incorrectly uses the simple past tense verbs "waved", "cheered", and "sang" to refer to actions that were ongoing in the past; please remember, the simple past continuous tense is used to refer to actions that were ongoing over a period of time in the past, and the simple past tense is only used to refer to actions that concluded in the past.
E: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "met with by"; the construction of this phrase leads to an incoherent meaning; the intended meaning is that the royal procession was met by crowds that were waving flags, cheering, and singing.
Hence, C is the best answer choice.
Additional Note: Some students may be confused by our classification of "crowds" as a non-human entity, as in this context, the "crowds" are made up of human beings. Please note that "crowd" is a collective noun that can be used for humans; although it is made up of humans, the collective entity "crows" is not a human being itself.
To understand the concept of "Simple Continuous Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
Bunuel
Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of the crucial part of this sentence is that the royal procession was met by crowds that were waving flags, cheering, and singing.
Concepts tested here: Meaning + Parallelism + Verb Forms
• Present participles ("verb+ing" – “waving”, “singing”, and “chanting” in this sentence) are used to modify nouns, refer to ongoing events in any time period, and (when preceded by a comma) express cause-effect relationships.
• The simple past continuous tense is used to refer to actions that were ongoing over a period of time in the past.
• The simple past tense is only used to refer to actions that concluded in the past.
• "who" is only used to refer to human beings.
• All elements in a list must be parallel.
A: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "with waving flags"; the construction of this phrase illogically implies that the royal procession was met by crowds that had flags that were waving by themselves; the intended meaning is that the royal procession was met by crowds that were actively waving flags. Further, Option A fails to maintain parallelism among "waving flags", "cheering", and "singing", as the first is a noun phrase due to the use of "with" and the latter two are verbs; please remember, all elements in a list must be parallel.
B: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "with waving flags"; the construction of this phrase illogically implies that the royal procession was met by crowds that had flags that were waving by themselves; the intended meaning is that the royal procession was met by crowds that were actively waving flags.
C: Correct. This answer choice uses the phrase "was met by crowds waving flags"; the construction of this phrase and the modification of "crowds" with "waving flags" conveys the intended meaning - that the royal procession was met by crowds that were waving flags, cheering, and singing. Further, Option C avoids the pronoun error seen in Option D, as it employs no pronouns. Additionally, Option D correctly uses present participles ("verb+ing" - "waving", "singing", and "chanting" in this sentence) to refer to ongoing actions in the past; please remember, past participles ("verb + ing") can be used to refer to ongoing actions in any time period. Besides, Option C maintains parallelism among "waving flags", "cheering", and "singing", as in this context all three are verb phrases.
D: This answer choice refers to the non-human noun "crowds" with the pronoun "who"; please remember, "who" is only used to refer to human beings. Further, Option D incorrectly uses the simple past tense verbs "waved", "cheered", and "sang" to refer to actions that were ongoing in the past; please remember, the simple past continuous tense is used to refer to actions that were ongoing over a period of time in the past, and the simple past tense is only used to refer to actions that concluded in the past.
E: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "met with by"; the construction of this phrase leads to an incoherent meaning; the intended meaning is that the royal procession was met by crowds that were waving flags, cheering, and singing.
Hence, C is the best answer choice.
Additional Note: Some students may be confused by our classification of "crowds" as a non-human entity, as in this context, the "crowds" are made up of human beings. Please note that "crowd" is a collective noun that can be used for humans; although it is made up of humans, the collective entity "crows" is not a human being itself.
To understand the concept of "Simple Continuous Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
