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15 Oct 2021, 05:00
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A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
51% (01:29) correct
49%
(01:39)
wrong
based on 192
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
In the closing trial of a dramatic and shocking criminal saga, the headstrong defendant maintained that he was innocent and that he had never had any connection, personal or otherwise, with the victim.
A. was innocent and that he had never had any connection, personal or otherwise, with the victim
B. was innocent and that he has never had any connection, personal or otherwise, with the victim
C. was innocent and has had no connection, personal or otherwise, with the victim
D. was innocent and that he had had no connection with the victim, personal or otherwise, never
E. had never had any connection with the victim, personal or otherwise, and that he is innocent
A. was innocent and that he had never had any connection, personal or otherwise, with the victim
B. was innocent and that he has never had any connection, personal or otherwise, with the victim
C. was innocent and has had no connection, personal or otherwise, with the victim
D. was innocent and that he had had no connection with the victim, personal or otherwise, never
E. had never had any connection with the victim, personal or otherwise, and that he is innocent
17 Oct 2021, 06:16
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Dear Friends,
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
Concepts tested here: Tenses + Awkwardness/Redundancy
• If a sentence contains multiple past actions, the past perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “had”) is used to refer to all but the most recent action; the simple past tense is used to refer to the most recent action.
• The present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.
• The simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.
A: Correct. This answer choice correctly uses the past perfect tense verb "had...had" to refer to the earlier of multiple actions that concluded in the past --the defendant not having any connection with the victim, the defendant being innocent, and the defendant maintaining the same, and correctly uses the simple past tense verb "was" to refer to the later of these actions; please note that in this case both the defendant being innocent and the defendant maintaining the same are expressed in the simple past tense, as both actions take place simultaneously. Further, Option A is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.
B: This answer choice incorrectly uses the present perfect tense verb "has...had" to refer to the earlier of multiple actions that concluded in the past --the defendant not having any connection with the victim, the defendant being innocent, and the defendant maintaining the same; please remember, if a sentence contains multiple past actions, the past perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “had”) is used to refer to all but the most recent action; the simple past tense is used to refer to the most recent action, and the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.
C: This answer choice incorrectly uses the present perfect tense verb "has had" to refer to the earlier of multiple actions that concluded in the past --the defendant not having any connection with the victim, the defendant being innocent, and the defendant maintaining the same; please remember, if a sentence contains multiple past actions, the past perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “had”) is used to refer to all but the most recent action; the simple past tense is used to refer to the most recent action, and the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.
D: This answer choice redundantly uses "no connection" alongside "never", rendering it awkward and needlessly wordy; this usage is redundant, as both terms convey an absolute negative.
E: This answer choice incorrectly uses the simple present tense verb "is" to refer to the latest of multiple actions that concluded in the past; please remember, if a sentence contains multiple past actions, the simple past tense is used to refer to the most recent action; the past perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “had”) is used to refer to all but the most recent action, and the simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.
Hence, A is the best answer choice.
To understand the concept of "Past Perfect Tense" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):
To understand the concept of "Simple Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):
To understand the concept of "Present Perfect Tense" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
Bunuel
Concepts tested here: Tenses + Awkwardness/Redundancy
• If a sentence contains multiple past actions, the past perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “had”) is used to refer to all but the most recent action; the simple past tense is used to refer to the most recent action.
• The present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.
• The simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.
A: Correct. This answer choice correctly uses the past perfect tense verb "had...had" to refer to the earlier of multiple actions that concluded in the past --the defendant not having any connection with the victim, the defendant being innocent, and the defendant maintaining the same, and correctly uses the simple past tense verb "was" to refer to the later of these actions; please note that in this case both the defendant being innocent and the defendant maintaining the same are expressed in the simple past tense, as both actions take place simultaneously. Further, Option A is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.
B: This answer choice incorrectly uses the present perfect tense verb "has...had" to refer to the earlier of multiple actions that concluded in the past --the defendant not having any connection with the victim, the defendant being innocent, and the defendant maintaining the same; please remember, if a sentence contains multiple past actions, the past perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “had”) is used to refer to all but the most recent action; the simple past tense is used to refer to the most recent action, and the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.
C: This answer choice incorrectly uses the present perfect tense verb "has had" to refer to the earlier of multiple actions that concluded in the past --the defendant not having any connection with the victim, the defendant being innocent, and the defendant maintaining the same; please remember, if a sentence contains multiple past actions, the past perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “had”) is used to refer to all but the most recent action; the simple past tense is used to refer to the most recent action, and the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.
D: This answer choice redundantly uses "no connection" alongside "never", rendering it awkward and needlessly wordy; this usage is redundant, as both terms convey an absolute negative.
E: This answer choice incorrectly uses the simple present tense verb "is" to refer to the latest of multiple actions that concluded in the past; please remember, if a sentence contains multiple past actions, the simple past tense is used to refer to the most recent action; the past perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “had”) is used to refer to all but the most recent action, and the simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.
Hence, A is the best answer choice.
To understand the concept of "Past Perfect Tense" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):
To understand the concept of "Simple Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):
To understand the concept of "Present Perfect Tense" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
17 Oct 2021, 05:00
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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
In the closing trial of a dramatic and shocking criminal saga, the headstrong defendant maintained that he was innocent and that he had never had any connection, personal or otherwise, with the victim.
A. was innocent and that he had never had any connection, personal or otherwise, with the victim
In Reported Speech, when the reporting verb is in the Past tense (maintained), the following conjugated verbs should also be in the Past (was, had).
B. was innocent and that he has never had any connection, personal or otherwise, with the victim
Not quite.
This answer choice is grammatically incorrect. In Reported Speech, when the reporting verb is in the Past tense (maintained), all the following conjugated verbs should also be in the Past. However, has is in the Present.
What helps you identify this question as a Reported Speech question as well as identify the mistake is the following Stop Sign:
- Reported Speech with a reporting verb in Past tense
C. was innocent and has had no connection, personal or otherwise, with the victim
Incorrect.
This answer choice is grammatically incorrect. In Reported Speech, when the reporting verb is in the Past tense (maintained), the following conjugated verbs should also be in the Past. However, has is in the Present.
D. was innocent and that he had had no connection with the victim, personal or otherwise, never
No, that's not it.
This answer choice is grammatically incorrect. In English, it is grammatically incorrect to use more than one negation word in a clause. No and never are both negation words.
Look out for the Stop Sign:
no, not, neither, never, none, nothing, nowhere, nobody, no one, hardly, seldom, rarely, scarcely, barely
E. had never had any connection with the victim, personal or otherwise, and that he is innocent[/quote]
Not quite.
This answer choice is grammatically incorrect. In Reported Speech, when the reporting verb is in the Past tense (maintained), the following conjugated verbs should also be in the Past. However, is is in the Present.
