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OA: A
B:
i) Misplaced modifier:Containing... should have Milky Way after because containing phrase acts as noun modifier
C
i)Meaning distortion: Nothing about sun is talked all sentences talk about containing solar systems and stars not just sun
ii) Same as B i)
D
i)Wordy. Comparing with A, A is more succinct
ii) No verb for firm evidence
E) Meaning distortion: There is a firm evidence for the age off Milky Way not for the point that it contains solar system and star.
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Bunuel
There is firm evidence that the absolute age of the Milky Way galaxy, which contains our solar system as well as 200 billion stars, is between 10 and 17 billion years.

(A) There is firm evidence that the absolute age of the Milky Way galaxy, which contains our solar system as well as 200 billion stars, is between 10 and 17 billion years

(B) Containing our solar system as well as 200 billion stars, there is firm evidence that the absolute age of the Milky Way galaxy is between 10 and 17 billion years

(C) There is firm evidence that the absolute age of the Milky Way galaxy is between 10 and 17 billion years, containing our sun as well as 200 billion stars

(D) Firm evidence being that the absolute age of the Milky Way galaxy is between 10 and 17 billion years, it contains our solar system as well as 200 billion stars

(E) Between 10 and 17 billion years old, the Milky Way galaxy contains our solar system as well as 200 billion stars, for which there is firm evidence




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Official Explanation

Choice A is the answer.

The adjective clause which contains our solar system as 200 billion stars correctly describes the noun immediately before it, the Milky Way galaxy. Since the absolute age of the Milky Way constitutes a complete "noun idea," the adjective clause could also have described the age itself. Remember, an adjective clause can describe either the subject or the noun in a prepositional phrase.

Choice A is correct; the other answer choices either introduce a misplaced modifier (by moving the adjective clause away from the noun that it is meant to describe) or contain awkward language.
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