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confused between C and E option.
In C option "they ingested it " what does it mean ??

please explain

Abhijit
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AbhijitGoswami
confused between C and E option.
In C option "they ingested it " what does it mean ??

please explain

Abhijit

"Ingest" means "eat" - option C states that caterpillars are not harmed unless they eat the pollen. However the question stem already states that caterpillars feed exclusively on milkweed leaves. Therefore "use of the modified maize inadvertently imperils monarch butterflies." Option C is not a weakening statement, rather a strengthening one.
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Why isn't the answer B?

My reasoning was that if the farmers used weed eliminating techniques, then there were no milkweeds in the maize farm, in the first place.

Which means that there was no contact between the maize and the milkweed plants, therefore no insecticide was transmitted to the milkweeds.

Doesn't this imply that the maize wouldn't threaten the butterflies?
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E is the answer. The passage argues that caterpillars fed with milkweed leaves dusted with pollen from modified maize plants died, and thus the use of modified maize plants imperils the monarch butterflies. However Option E essentially states that monarch caterpillars are unlikely to have eaten the maize pollen, which implies that the pollen are not the main cause of the monarch butterflies' deaths.


Certain genetically modified strains of maize produce a natural insecticide that protects against maize-eating insects. The insecticide occurs throughout the plant, including its pollen. Maize pollen is dispersed by the wind and often blows onto milkweed plants that grow near maize fields. Caterpillars of monarch butterflies feed exclusively on milkweed leaves. When, in experiments, these caterpillars were fed milkweed leaves dusted with pollen from modified maize plants, they died. Therefore, use of the modified maize inadvertently imperils monarch butterflies.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A. Per unit of volume, the natural insecticide produced by the genetically modified maize plants is less toxic to insects than are many commercial insecticides commonly used on maize plants.
B. Standard weed-control practices that have been used by farmers for decades have largely eliminated milkweed plants from certain areas where monarch-butterfly caterpillars were once common.
C. The experiments showed that the caterpillars were not harmed by contact with the pollen from the genetically modified plants unless they ingested it.
D. The maize-eating insects that the natural insecticide protects against do not feed on the pollen of the maize plant.
E. Airborne maize pollen tends to collect on the middle leaves of milkweed plants and monarch caterpillars feed only on the plant's tender upper leaves.
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