In cities where sexually assaulted victims get health treatment, psych

Question

In cities where sexually assaulted victims get health treatment, psychological counseling and free meals and housing for two days, reports of having suffered a sexual attack are twice as frequent as they are in cities where this benefit is not present . Presently, no accurate test for sexual assault exists, so it is true that spurious reports of sexual assaults cannot be readily identified. Nevertheless, these facts do not warrant the conclusion drawn by some commentators that in the cities with the higher rates of reported sexual assaults, half of the reported cases are spurious. Clearly,  in cities where sexual assault victims do not receive counseling, treatment, housing and meals following their incident, people often have little incentive to report sexual assaults that they actually have suffered.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a conclusion that has been based on that claim.

(B) The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is that conclusion.

(C) The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion for which the argument provides further evidence; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.

(D) The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second is a claim presented in order to argue against deriving certain implications from that finding.

(E) The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is evidence presented to establish that the finding is accurate.

Zarrolou · Accepted Answer

In cities where sexually assaulted victims get health treatment, psychological counseling and free meals and housing for two days, reports of having suffered a sexual attack are twice as frequent as they are in cities where this benefit is not present .
 FACT : no personal opition here
Presently, no accurate test for sexual assault exists, so it is true that spurious reports of sexual assaults cannot be readily identified. Nevertheless, these facts do not warrant the conclusion drawn by some commentators that in the cities with the higher rates of reported sexual assaults, half of the reported cases are spurious. 
 ARGUMENT : the fact above has led some commentators to hypotize that "half of the reported cases are spurious"
Clearly,  in cities where sexual assault victims do not receive counseling, treatment, housing and meals following their incident, people often have little incentive to report sexual assaults that they actually have suffered. 
 CONCLUSION  of the passage

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A)The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a conclusion that has been based on that claim.
(B)The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is that conclusion.

We can eliminate A and B because they share the same mistake: "The first is a claim" the first part is NOT a claim.

(C)The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion for which the argument provides further evidence; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.

Lets analyze it: "The first is evidence"(correct)"that has been used to support a conclusion for which the argument provides further evidence"(WRONG, what is the further evidence? This part is wrong, we can move on) ...

Lets analyze D and E together:
(D)The first is a finding (correct) whose implications are at issue in the argument (correct); the second is a claim presented in order to argue against deriving certain implications from that finding.(correct)
(E)The first is a finding (correct) whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument (wrong, where the is accuracy is evaluated in the argument?, out E) ; the second is evidence presented to establish that the finding is accurate.

This is the approach that works for me:   take each answer and analyze each part of it at a time  .

Hope this helps, let me know

mvictor · Answer

Conclusion: claims that 1/2 of the reports are spurious - not true.
1st bold - serves as a fact/data point.
2nd bold - provides some additional info that might seem to support conclusion

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
 
(A)The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a conclusion that has been based on that claim.
the first one is not disputed. the second one is definitely not a conclusion

(B)The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is that conclusion.
first might be ok, under dubious conditions though, but second is not a conclusion - 100%.

(C)The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion for which the argument provides further evidence; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.
2nd is definitely not the conclusion of the argument.

(D)The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second is a claim presented in order to argue against deriving certain implications from that finding.
1st ok; 2 not bad too...let's see the last answer choice, maybe it will be better...

(E)The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is evidence presented to establish that the finding is accurate.
2nd is not evidence but an opinion/claim

D is the best one. D should be the answer choice.

KarishmaB · Answer

Structure of the argument:

In cities where sexually assaulted victims get health treatment, psychological counseling and free meals and housing for two days, reports of having suffered a sexual attack are twice as frequent as they are in cities where this benefit is not present  - FACT/PREMISE/FINDING

Presently, no accurate test for sexual assault exists, so it is true that spurious reports of sexual assaults cannot be readily identified. - ANOTHER FACT

Nevertheless, these facts do not warrant the conclusion drawn by some commentators that in the cities with the higher rates of reported sexual assaults, half of the reported cases are spurious. - AN IMPLICATION THAT THE ARGUMENT OPPOSES

Clearly, in cities where sexual assault victims do not receive counseling, treatment, housing and meals following their incident, people often have little incentive to report sexual assaults that they actually have suffered.  - AN IMPLICATION THAT THE ARGUMENT PROPOSES

(A) The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a conclusion that has been based on that claim.
First is not a claim that the argument disputes. It is a fact/finding whose implication the argument gives.

(B) The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is that conclusion.
The first is a fact or finding, not a claim.

(C) The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion for which the argument provides further evidence; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.
The argument doesn't any further evidence. It take a finding, opposes one implication that some people think it has and proposes another implication.

(D) The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second is a claim presented in order to argue against deriving certain implications from that finding.
Correct.

(E) The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is evidence presented to establish that the finding is accurate.
The argument does not evaluate the accuracy of the finding. It accepts the finding. It evaluates the implication of the finding.

Answer (D)

VerbalBot · Answer

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In cities where sexually assaulted victims get health treatment, psych

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