SARS epidemic witnessed deaths of about 3,500 Physicians who had treated SARS patients and about 3,670 Physicians who had not engaged in treatment of SARS patients. On the basis of those figures, it can be concluded that it was not much more dangerous to participate in SARS treatment during the SARS epidemic than it was not to participate in SARS treatment.
Which of the following would reveal most clearly the absurdity of the conclusion drawn above?The argument treats two similar looking death totals as proof that treating SARS patients was not much more dangerous, but it ignores how many physicians were in each group.
(A) Counting deaths among Physicians who had participated in SARS treatment in addition to deaths among Physicians who had not participated in SARS treatment
Adding the two totals does nothing to test the conclusion. The flaw is not that some deaths were left out, it is that totals alone do not measure relative danger.
(B) Expressing the difference between the numbers of deaths among Physicians who had treated SARS patients and Physicians who had not treated SARS patients as a percentage of the total number of deaths
This just repackages the same totals. A percentage of total deaths still ignores how many people were at risk in each group, so it does not expose the flaw.
(C) Separating deaths caused by accidents during the treatment to SARS patients from deaths caused by infection while treating SARS patients.
This might clarify what caused deaths within the treated group, but it still does not address the key comparison: risk for treated versus not treated depends on group sizes and rates, not just causes.
(D) Comparing death rates per thousand members of each group rather than comparing total numbers of deaths
This directly targets the mistake. If far more physicians did not treat SARS patients, then similar total deaths could still mean the treated group had a much higher
death rate, making the conclusion clearly absurd.
(E) Comparing deaths caused by accidents in the world to deaths caused by infection while treating SARS patients.
This mixes unrelated populations and causes, so it does not diagnose what is wrong with the conclusion about treating versus not treating.
Answer: (D)