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02 Sep 2018, 21:12
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E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
62% (01:51) correct
38%
(02:08)
wrong
based on 465
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Journalist: Scientists took blood samples from two large, diverse groups of volunteers. All the volunteers in one group reported that they enjoyed eating vegetables, whereas all those in the other group disliked vegetables. When the blood samples from the group that disliked vegetables were analyzed, it was discovered that all the volunteers in that group had a gene in common, the XRV2G gene. This strongly suggests that a dislike of vegetables is, at least in some cases, genetically determined
The journalist's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?
A. It presumes that all human traits are genetically determined.
B. It overlooks the possibility that the volunteers in one or both of the two groups may not have been representative of the human population as a whole in one or more respects.
C. It overlooks the possibility that even when one phenomenon always produces another phenomenon, the latter phenomenon may often be present when the former is absent.
D. It overlooks the possibility that even if a dislike of vegetables is genetically determined, it may be influenced by genes other than the XRV2G gene.
E. It takes for granted that the volunteers in the group that enjoyed eating vegetables did not also all have the XRV2G gene in common.
LSAT official
The journalist's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?
A. It presumes that all human traits are genetically determined.
B. It overlooks the possibility that the volunteers in one or both of the two groups may not have been representative of the human population as a whole in one or more respects.
C. It overlooks the possibility that even when one phenomenon always produces another phenomenon, the latter phenomenon may often be present when the former is absent.
D. It overlooks the possibility that even if a dislike of vegetables is genetically determined, it may be influenced by genes other than the XRV2G gene.
E. It takes for granted that the volunteers in the group that enjoyed eating vegetables did not also all have the XRV2G gene in common.
LSAT official
02 Sep 2018, 21:18
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QUESTION TYPE: Flawed Reasoning
CONCLUSION: Genetics can make you dislike vegetables.
REASONING: Volunteers who don’t like vegetables have the XRV2G gene.
ANALYSIS: the false comparison.
We’re told that the vegetable hating group has XRV2G. But we’re not told about the group that likes vegetables. Maybe all of them also have XRV2G! A proper comparison must tell you about both groups, not just one.
___________
A. The argument didn’t say this. Something can’t be a flaw unless it happens. The argument just said one trait might be genetically determined. It didn’t say all traits are.
B. This answer plays on a misunderstanding of bias and representativeness in studies.
Let’s say you do a study designed to test whether a certain drug cures cancer. And all the subjects are American. Americans are unrepresentative of humans in many ways:
* They’re richer than average
* They live in a country that starts with ‘A’
* They watch more TV
* They have more internet access
C. All of those are unrepresentative, and none of them are relevant to the question of whether a drug cures cancer. So unrepresentativeness in one or more areas does not necessarily mean a study if flawed!
This means: mistaking a sufficient condition for a necessary condition. That’s not what happened in this argument.
D. This possibility would strengthen the argument! It’s not a flaw to overlook it. the conclusion was that genes may affect whether we like vegetables. So the more that genes affect our taste for vegetables, the better.
E. CORRECT. If everyone has the XRV2G gene, then it can’t affect vegetable tastes.
CONCLUSION: Genetics can make you dislike vegetables.
REASONING: Volunteers who don’t like vegetables have the XRV2G gene.
ANALYSIS: the false comparison.
We’re told that the vegetable hating group has XRV2G. But we’re not told about the group that likes vegetables. Maybe all of them also have XRV2G! A proper comparison must tell you about both groups, not just one.
___________
A. The argument didn’t say this. Something can’t be a flaw unless it happens. The argument just said one trait might be genetically determined. It didn’t say all traits are.
B. This answer plays on a misunderstanding of bias and representativeness in studies.
Let’s say you do a study designed to test whether a certain drug cures cancer. And all the subjects are American. Americans are unrepresentative of humans in many ways:
* They’re richer than average
* They live in a country that starts with ‘A’
* They watch more TV
* They have more internet access
C. All of those are unrepresentative, and none of them are relevant to the question of whether a drug cures cancer. So unrepresentativeness in one or more areas does not necessarily mean a study if flawed!
This means: mistaking a sufficient condition for a necessary condition. That’s not what happened in this argument.
D. This possibility would strengthen the argument! It’s not a flaw to overlook it. the conclusion was that genes may affect whether we like vegetables. So the more that genes affect our taste for vegetables, the better.
E. CORRECT. If everyone has the XRV2G gene, then it can’t affect vegetable tastes.
