I identified this question as a Find the Flaw in the reasoning type question.
As such, he author provides a fact regarding this 1 small division which generally has low sales and a small potential market. This year, this division beat its own record of sales. (Assume the worst scenario: every prior year they made 1 dollar in sales this year they made 2 dollars in sales. Heyea!!!)
The author then claims that this is a “surprising result.” Why does he think it’s surprising? Because the division has the smallest market and lowest sales COMPARED with all the other divisions
The author observed that the worst division (in terms of sales) beat its own record. He finds this surprising BECAUSE it is the worst division with the smallest market. This analysis seems like a reasoning error. We should only care how this worst division fared compared with ITSELF. Concluding that this is surprising by comparing the division with all the other better divisions is not a sound argument. As shown above, would it really be surprising if the lowest-sales division beat its own record by $1???
I think the analogy to racing and Usain Bolt is perfect. Say you usually run the 200 yard dash in 2 hours, the worst time in the country. If you then beat your own record and ran the 100 yard dash in 1 hour and 50 minutes, would it be logical for me to say “wow, that’s surprising, because you are a much slower runner than many other olympic runners, such as Usain Bolt.”
If I were to say “wow, that’s surprising because this is a much better time COMPARED with YOUR previous times”, then perhaps the logic behind the “surprise” would be more sound.
-D- seems wrong to me because the question is asking you you to look for the Flaw in the author’s reasoning with regard to the situation laid out in the passage. Whether the entire company has higher overall sales or not is not relevant to the flaw in logic in our given fact scenario.
Answer B
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