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12 Mar 2019, 15:35
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Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
85%
(hard)
Question Stats:
51% (02:25) correct
49%
(02:33)
wrong
based on 746
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Columnist: Shortsighted motorists learn the hard way about the wisdom of preventive auto maintenance; such maintenance almost always pays off in the long run. Our usually shortsighted city council should be praised for using similar wisdom when they hired a long-term economic development adviser. In hiring this adviser, the council made an investment that is likely to have a big payoff in several years. Other cities in this region that have devoted resources to economic development planning have earned large returns on such an investment.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the columnist’s argument?
(A) Even some cars that receive regular preventive maintenance break down, requiring costly repairs.
(B) The columnist’s city has a much smaller population and economy than the other cities did when they began devoting resources to economic development planning.
(C) Most motorists who fail to perform preventive maintenance on their cars do so for nonfinancial reasons.
(D) Qualified economic development advisers generally demand higher salaries than many city councils are willing to spend.
(E) Cities that have earned large returns due to hiring economic development advisers did not earn any returns at all in the advisers’ first few years of employment.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the columnist’s argument?
(A) Even some cars that receive regular preventive maintenance break down, requiring costly repairs.
(B) The columnist’s city has a much smaller population and economy than the other cities did when they began devoting resources to economic development planning.
(C) Most motorists who fail to perform preventive maintenance on their cars do so for nonfinancial reasons.
(D) Qualified economic development advisers generally demand higher salaries than many city councils are willing to spend.
(E) Cities that have earned large returns due to hiring economic development advisers did not earn any returns at all in the advisers’ first few years of employment.
13 Mar 2019, 00:07
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Columnist: Shortsighted motorists learn the hard way about the wisdom of preventive auto maintenance; such maintenance almost always pays off in the long run. Our usually shortsighted city council should be praised for using similar wisdom when they hired a long-term economic development adviser. In hiring this adviser, the council made an investment that is likely to have a big payoff in several years. Other cities in this region that have devoted resources to economic development planning have earned large returns on such an investment.
Type-weakens
Core- Hiring this adviser is likely to have a big payoff in several years and thus the city council should be praised
Evidence:
(ANALOGY) investing in an economic adviser is somehow like doing preventative maintenance on a car
(CORRELATION) In other cities in this region, there is a correlation between spending $ on an adviser and earning huge ROI.
Pre-thinking- 1.weaken by showing that the analogy is a poor fit
2. weaken by undermining the correlation->causation part of the argument.
(A) Even some cars that receive regular preventive maintenance break down, requiring costly repairs.- this does not weaken as author freely admitted that preventative maintenance almost always pays off
(B) The columnist’s city has a much smaller population and economy than the other cities did when they began devoting resources to economic development planning.- Correct
In order to believe that adviser is the cause of huge returns, our ideal science experiment would compare two identical cities, one with an adviser, one without, and see how they each do in terms of returns.
(C) Most motorists who fail to perform preventive maintenance on their cars do so for nonfinancial reasons.- out of scope; The conclusion cares about the potential effects of hiring an adviser.
(D) Qualified economic development advisers generally demand higher salaries than many city councils are willing to spend.- Irrelevant
(E) Cities that have earned large returns due to hiring economic development advisers did not earn any returns at all in the advisers’ first few years of employment.- Incorrect; the conclusion's PAYOFF is "in several years", so it's perfectly consistent with that to say that we didn't see an ROI immediately.
Answer B
Type-weakens
Core- Hiring this adviser is likely to have a big payoff in several years and thus the city council should be praised
Evidence:
(ANALOGY) investing in an economic adviser is somehow like doing preventative maintenance on a car
(CORRELATION) In other cities in this region, there is a correlation between spending $ on an adviser and earning huge ROI.
Pre-thinking- 1.weaken by showing that the analogy is a poor fit
2. weaken by undermining the correlation->causation part of the argument.
(A) Even some cars that receive regular preventive maintenance break down, requiring costly repairs.- this does not weaken as author freely admitted that preventative maintenance almost always pays off
(B) The columnist’s city has a much smaller population and economy than the other cities did when they began devoting resources to economic development planning.- Correct
In order to believe that adviser is the cause of huge returns, our ideal science experiment would compare two identical cities, one with an adviser, one without, and see how they each do in terms of returns.
(C) Most motorists who fail to perform preventive maintenance on their cars do so for nonfinancial reasons.- out of scope; The conclusion cares about the potential effects of hiring an adviser.
(D) Qualified economic development advisers generally demand higher salaries than many city councils are willing to spend.- Irrelevant
(E) Cities that have earned large returns due to hiring economic development advisers did not earn any returns at all in the advisers’ first few years of employment.- Incorrect; the conclusion's PAYOFF is "in several years", so it's perfectly consistent with that to say that we didn't see an ROI immediately.
Answer B
13 Mar 2019, 05:54
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Akela
Argument:
Preventive auto maintenance almost always pays off in the long run.
In hiring an adviser, the council made an investment that is likely to have a big payoff in several years.
Other cities in this region that have devoted resources to economic development planning have earned large returns on such an investment.
Conclusion: City council should be praised for using preventive maintenance wisdom by hiring an economic adviser which is likely to give a big payoff in several years.
We need to weaken the columnist's argument.
(A) Even some cars that receive regular preventive maintenance break down, requiring costly repairs.
Costly repairs does not mean that there wasn't significant benefit due to preventive maintenance. Even if some car owners do not see a significant benefit from regular maintenance, still most car owners could see significant benefit.
(B) The columnist’s city has a much smaller population and economy than the other cities did when they began devoting resources to economic development planning.
A premise of the columnist is that other cities that have such resources have earned large returns. This option tells us that this city is not comparable to the other cities that the columnist mentioned. Hence it weakens the columnist's argument.
(C) Most motorists who fail to perform preventive maintenance on their cars do so for nonfinancial reasons.
Reasons for not performing maintenance is irrelevant.
(D) Qualified economic development advisers generally demand higher salaries than many city councils are willing to spend.
The point is whether their salaries are worth, not whether they come within acceptable limits of city council spending.
(E) Cities that have earned large returns due to hiring economic development advisers did not earn any returns at all in the advisers’ first few years of employment.
The argument talks about payoff in several years. What happens in first few years is irrelevant.
Answer (B)
