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nightblade354
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07 Jan 2020, 07:23
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Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
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Question Stats:
59% (02:04) correct
41%
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based on 623
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Babies who can hear and have hearing parents who expose them to speech begin to babble at a certain age as a precursor to speaking. In the same way, deaf babies with deaf parents who communicate with them and with each other by signing begin to babble in signs at the same age. That is, they make repetitive hand gestures that constitute, within the language system of signs, the analogue of repeated syllables in speech.
The information above, if accurate, can best be used as evidence against which one of the following hypotheses?
(A) Names of persons or things are the simplest words in a language, since babies use them before using the names of actions or processes
(B) The development of language competency in babies depends primarily on the physical maturation of the vocal tract, a process that requires speech-oriented vocal activity
(C) In the absence of adults who communicate with each other in their presence, babies develop idiosyncratic languages
(D) In babbling, babies are unaware that the sound or gesture combinations they use can be employed in a purposeful way
(E) The making of hand gestures by hearing babies who have hearing parents should be interpreted as a part of their developing language.
The information above, if accurate, can best be used as evidence against which one of the following hypotheses?
(A) Names of persons or things are the simplest words in a language, since babies use them before using the names of actions or processes
(B) The development of language competency in babies depends primarily on the physical maturation of the vocal tract, a process that requires speech-oriented vocal activity
(C) In the absence of adults who communicate with each other in their presence, babies develop idiosyncratic languages
(D) In babbling, babies are unaware that the sound or gesture combinations they use can be employed in a purposeful way
(E) The making of hand gestures by hearing babies who have hearing parents should be interpreted as a part of their developing language.
09 Jan 2020, 15:06
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nightblade354
A: The information given does not contradict the hypotheses.
B: The information does conteradict this hypotheses. The information implies that the development of language competency in babies is independent of the physical maturation of the vocal tract, as deaf babies develop language competency by babbling in sign language.
C: This might be true for deaf and hearing babies. The information given does not contradict the hypotheses.
D: The information given does not contradict the hypotheses.
E: The information given does not contradict the hypotheses.
18 Jan 2021, 16:00
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The stimulus tells us that hearing babies with hearing parents learn to babble at a certain age, and they do so as a precursor to speaking. That is, babbling comes first, speaking follows. Further, we learn that deaf babies with deaf parents who use sign language also learn to babble in sign at the same age that the hearing babies are babbling orally.
The stem is a Cannot Be True question. We need to select an answer that the facts in the stimulus proves to be false. Pick something that is impossible if the stimulus is correct. Anything that could be true is a wrong answer. A good prephrase here might be something like "babbling is unique to spoken language" (because it is not - babies who use sign language also babble).
Answer A: The stimulus tells us nothing about which words or types of words are learned first or last or what is simple or complex. There is no evidence to dispute this claim, so it could be true and cannot be the correct answer.
Answer B: This is the correct answer. This matches our prephrase to some extent. It cannot be true that development of language requires development of the vocal tract based on vocal activity, because deaf babies also develop speech, and they do so in non-vocal ways (sign language, not through speaking).
Answer C: The stimulus tells us nothing about a hypothetical third group of babies that do not get exposed to adults communicating with each other in their presence, so this claim could be true and cannot be the correct answer.
Answer D: The stimulus doesn't tell us that the babies are aware of what they are doing or what it means, only what they do. It's possible that babies babble without realizing that they can use their sounds or signs to indicate a purpose like "I want food" or "my diaper is wet" or "that's fake news!" Since they could be unaware, this answer is incorrect.
Answer E: The stimulus tells us nothing about hand gestures made by hearing babies, nor does it tell us anything about sounds made by deaf babies. Either or both of these could be part of the language development process that just wasn't mentioned by the author. Since this was not mentioned it could be true, and is incorrect.
The stem is a Cannot Be True question. We need to select an answer that the facts in the stimulus proves to be false. Pick something that is impossible if the stimulus is correct. Anything that could be true is a wrong answer. A good prephrase here might be something like "babbling is unique to spoken language" (because it is not - babies who use sign language also babble).
Answer A: The stimulus tells us nothing about which words or types of words are learned first or last or what is simple or complex. There is no evidence to dispute this claim, so it could be true and cannot be the correct answer.
Answer B: This is the correct answer. This matches our prephrase to some extent. It cannot be true that development of language requires development of the vocal tract based on vocal activity, because deaf babies also develop speech, and they do so in non-vocal ways (sign language, not through speaking).
Answer C: The stimulus tells us nothing about a hypothetical third group of babies that do not get exposed to adults communicating with each other in their presence, so this claim could be true and cannot be the correct answer.
Answer D: The stimulus doesn't tell us that the babies are aware of what they are doing or what it means, only what they do. It's possible that babies babble without realizing that they can use their sounds or signs to indicate a purpose like "I want food" or "my diaper is wet" or "that's fake news!" Since they could be unaware, this answer is incorrect.
Answer E: The stimulus tells us nothing about hand gestures made by hearing babies, nor does it tell us anything about sounds made by deaf babies. Either or both of these could be part of the language development process that just wasn't mentioned by the author. Since this was not mentioned it could be true, and is incorrect.
