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Carcass
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Not a huge fan of this question, though it does pass muster. The basis for (C) is that the argument references the 'group' of people who don't get enough vitamins to meet their needs in the first reference to vitamin deficiency, while referencing the 'group' of people who don't consume vitamins up to RDA (recommended daily allotment/allowance) requirements in the second reference. The groups are different, because some individuals may require more than the RDA mandates.
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Here are my 2 cents on this question -

The argument presented is strong in my opinion. Quite straight as an arrow. So it'll be difficult to find out a flaw.

a - We are not bothered by the percentage of women.

b - we can assume that pregnancy is the reason why and move on. As Arun has rightly pointed out - we need to focus on the what and not the why.

c - I didn't understand this too well and while it's not a flaw but I'd still keep it, since there's no reason to eliminate.

d - We have to stick to pregnant women, as the main subject of the argument - "other" groups are out of scope.

e - higher requirements is not used in an ambiguous manner - the adjective pregnant has cleared it out.

Going by this POE, I selected C.

Not sure if my reasoning is correct though.
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can someone please explain (C)?

isn't the reference group employed the same?

pregnant women in first instance when it's said they suffer from vitamin deficiency

and in the second instance the stem has compared the vitamin requirements of these pregnant women with those of the rest of population

so where is the reference group different?
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Many pregnant women suffer from vitamin deficiency, but this is frequently not due to vitamin deficiency in their diets; most often it is because they have higher requirements for vitamins than do the rest of the population.

The best criticism of the reasoning in the statement above is that it

(A) fails to specify the percentage of pregnant women who suffer from vitamin deficiency
(B) gives insufficient information about why pregnant women have higher vitamin requirements than do other groups
(C) fails to employ the same reference group for both uses of the term "vitamin deficiency"
(D) provides insufficient information about the incidence of vitamin deficiency in other groups with high vitamin requirements
(E) uses "higher requirements" in an ambiguous manner
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