The manufacturers of NoSmoke claim that their product reduces smokers’ cravings for cigarettes. However, in a recent study, smokers given the main ingredient in NoSmoke reported no decrease in cravings for cigarettes. Thus, since NoSmoke has only two ingredients, if similar results are found for the second ingredient, we can conclude that NoSmoke does not reduce smokers’ cravings.
The argument above is flawed in that it
This is a Flaw in the reasoning question. Maybe the author overlooked something Lets see.
Manufacturer claimed that their product (AS A WHOLE) reduces smokers’ cravings for cigarettes. But the research was done part by part which is the flaw we can find.
option A finds the flaw.(A) illicitly presumes that a whole must lack a certain quality if all of its parts lack that quality
(B) confuses a mere correlation with a cause---we have a better answer above
(C) relies on a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative------- we cannot say that
(D) overlooks the possibility that NoSmoke helps people to quit smoking in ways other than by reducing smokers’ cravings for cigarettes------out of context
(E) illicitly presumes that a claim must be false because the people making the claim are biased -------- opposite of what's mentioned in the conclusion