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11 Aug 2021, 07:30
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A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
62% (02:39) correct
38%
(02:40)
wrong
based on 282
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Larry: Some laws passed by Congress are considered to be bad by our nation’s citizens even though they deliver positive results. A law is good only if it delivers positive results. So, some laws considered to be bad by our nation’s citizens are actually good laws.
Carrie: Although I agree with your conclusion I disagree with your reasons for it. Some good laws actually do not deliver positive results. But no laws that are considered to be bad by our nation’s citizens deliver positive results, so your conclusion, that some laws that are considered bad by our nation’s citizens are actually good, still holds.
Which one of the following correctly describes an error in both Larry’s and Carrie’s reasoning?
(A) Assuming that if a law’s having a certain quality is necessary for its being a particular type of law, then having that quality is sufficient for being that type of law.
(B) Assuming that if a particular quality is shared by two types of laws, then that quality is the only quality distinguishing the two types of law from laws of other types.
(C) Assuming that if most laws of a particular type share a particular quality, then all laws share that quality.
(D) Assuming that if a particular quality is shared by laws of a particular type among a particular nation, then that quality is shared by laws of that type among all nations.
(E) Assuming that if a certain quality distinguishes one type of law from another type of law, then that quality is one of many qualities distinguishing the two types of laws.
Carrie: Although I agree with your conclusion I disagree with your reasons for it. Some good laws actually do not deliver positive results. But no laws that are considered to be bad by our nation’s citizens deliver positive results, so your conclusion, that some laws that are considered bad by our nation’s citizens are actually good, still holds.
Which one of the following correctly describes an error in both Larry’s and Carrie’s reasoning?
(A) Assuming that if a law’s having a certain quality is necessary for its being a particular type of law, then having that quality is sufficient for being that type of law.
(B) Assuming that if a particular quality is shared by two types of laws, then that quality is the only quality distinguishing the two types of law from laws of other types.
(C) Assuming that if most laws of a particular type share a particular quality, then all laws share that quality.
(D) Assuming that if a particular quality is shared by laws of a particular type among a particular nation, then that quality is shared by laws of that type among all nations.
(E) Assuming that if a certain quality distinguishes one type of law from another type of law, then that quality is one of many qualities distinguishing the two types of laws.
14 Aug 2021, 07:30
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Bunuel
OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
Answer: A
STEP 1: Read the question and identify your task.
This is a Describe question. It asks you to describe the error in both Larry and Carrie’s reasoning.
STEP 2: Read the argument with your task in mind.
Larry and Carrie discuss the relationship between positive results and how this quality determines whether the law is bad or good. Larry and Carrie incorrectly assume that because a law has positive results it is a good law, and therefore, because a law shows positive results, such evidence is sufficient to consider it a good law. Sufficient to consider it a good law.
STEP 3: Know what you’re looking for.
The correct answer will identify the shared weakness in the exchange between Larry and Carrie. Pay close attention to the words in the argument —what is considered good or bad by the citizenry versus what is good or bad. In order for both their arguments to hold up, they have to presuppose that a law is good if it has positive results and vice versa.
STEP 4: Read every word of every answer choice.
Answer A describes Larry and Carrie’s assumption almost exactly, that a law having a certain quality (positive results) is necessary for it to be a particular type (good or bad) of law and that having that quality is sufficient for being that type of law. But, let’s review the remainder of the answers to make sure, paying close attention to specific words. The quality is a determinant of the type of law, not a “shared” attribute and they never say the quality is the “only” quality distinguishing between the two types of laws, so answer B is incorrect. Their reasoning includes no extrapolation from “most” laws to “all” laws, so answer C is incorrect. Answer D is incorrect because Larry and Carrie make no comparison between a “particular nation” and “all nations.” Finally, answer E is incorrect because they do not extrapolate one distinguishing quality to mean anything with regard to other qualities of the laws. The correct choice is answer A.
25 Jun 2023, 07:54
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