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22 Sep 2021, 01:31
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C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
95%
(hard)
Question Stats:
32% (01:33) correct
68%
(01:48)
wrong
based on 131
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Trainer: Research shows that when dogs are neutered in early puppyhood, their leg bones usually do not develop properly. Improper bone development leads in turn to problems with arthritis as dogs grow older. Thus, if you want to protect your dog from arthritis you should not neuter your dog until it is full-grown.
Of the following, which one is a criticism to which the reasoning in the trainer’s argument is most vulnerable?
(A) It fails to state exactly what percentage of dogs neutered in early puppyhood experience improper bone development.
(B) It fails to explain the connection between improper bone development and arthritis.
(C) It fails to address the effects of neutering in middle or late puppyhood.
(D) It fails to consider the possibility that the benefits of neutering a dog early might outweigh the risk of arthritis.
(E) It fails to consider the possibility that dogs with properly developed bones can develop arthritis.
Of the following, which one is a criticism to which the reasoning in the trainer’s argument is most vulnerable?
(A) It fails to state exactly what percentage of dogs neutered in early puppyhood experience improper bone development.
(B) It fails to explain the connection between improper bone development and arthritis.
(C) It fails to address the effects of neutering in middle or late puppyhood.
(D) It fails to consider the possibility that the benefits of neutering a dog early might outweigh the risk of arthritis.
(E) It fails to consider the possibility that dogs with properly developed bones can develop arthritis.
23 Sep 2021, 01:15
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Bunuel
EXPLANATION FROM Fox LSAT
The trainer says if you neuter dogs in early puppyhood, their leg bones don’t develop properly. If the leg bones don’t develop properly, the dogs get arthritis. Conclusion: You shouldn’t neuter until the dog is full-grown. Problem with the argument: What about neutering in other parts of puppyhood? Is there a puppy adolescence?
A) The argument says leg bones “usually” do not develop properly, which means more than 50 percent of the time. That’s a solid premise, even without an exact percentage, so this answer would very rarely be correct. Plus, we’re looking for something else.
B) This answer would also very rarely be correct. Why do we need an “explanation” of the connection between bone development and arthritis? The premise says improper bone development causes arthritis. If this is true, we don’t need to know the exact mechanism by which this happens in order for the argument to be compelling.
C) This is exactly what we were looking for.
D) This is the most commonly chosen incorrect answer, but since the conclusion is qualified by “if you want to protect your dog from arthritis,” the argument explicitly only applies to people who do want to protect dogs from arthritis. That makes D irrelevant.
E) Yes, dogs can get arthritis in other ways besides improper bone development. So what? If the premises are true, I’d still want to avoid early neutering so that I could avoid improper bone development and the arthritis that it causes.
The best answer is C.
General Discussion
22 Sep 2021, 03:11
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In the problems in which
- the claim is made in favor of one situation after witnessing the benefits/harms of another situation
we should assess the claim again considering the favored situation.
If you want to protect your dog from arthritis you should not neuter your dog until it is full-grown.
To protect from arthritis, we should wait the dogs to be fully grown and then neuter them.
This claim is made after experiencing what happened when the dogs were neutered in early ages.
How about the likelihood of arthritis in case we neuter the dogs in grown age?
We don't know much.
Now, look at the choices
(A) It fails to state exactly what percentage of dogs neutered in early puppyhood experience improper bone development.
The claim does not "doubt" on the fact that the dogs neutered in early puppyhood experience improper bone development.
The counterclaim is not the result of the doubt on the fact, but is the result of considering a pole apart situation to refrain the harms of the first situation.
(B) It fails to explain the connection between improper bone development and arthritis.
The claim accepts the connection and suggests further. The claim is not supposed to establish the connection before suggesting something else.
(C) It fails to address the effects of neutering in middle or late puppyhood.
Correct. This is what a common pre-thinking tells us, had we not seen any of the choices.
(D) It fails to consider the possibility that the benefits of neutering a dog early might outweigh the risk of arthritis.
There could be some benefits of neutering a dog early, but we are talking about the threats of arthritis and can't ignore it.
(E) It fails to consider the possibility that dogs with properly developed bones can develop arthritis.
This is possible that the dogs with properly developed bones can develop arthritis, but we need to talk about neutered dogs and not all the dogs.
IMO C
- the claim is made in favor of one situation after witnessing the benefits/harms of another situation
we should assess the claim again considering the favored situation.
If you want to protect your dog from arthritis you should not neuter your dog until it is full-grown.
To protect from arthritis, we should wait the dogs to be fully grown and then neuter them.
This claim is made after experiencing what happened when the dogs were neutered in early ages.
How about the likelihood of arthritis in case we neuter the dogs in grown age?
We don't know much.
Now, look at the choices
(A) It fails to state exactly what percentage of dogs neutered in early puppyhood experience improper bone development.
The claim does not "doubt" on the fact that the dogs neutered in early puppyhood experience improper bone development.
The counterclaim is not the result of the doubt on the fact, but is the result of considering a pole apart situation to refrain the harms of the first situation.
(B) It fails to explain the connection between improper bone development and arthritis.
The claim accepts the connection and suggests further. The claim is not supposed to establish the connection before suggesting something else.
(C) It fails to address the effects of neutering in middle or late puppyhood.
Correct. This is what a common pre-thinking tells us, had we not seen any of the choices.
(D) It fails to consider the possibility that the benefits of neutering a dog early might outweigh the risk of arthritis.
There could be some benefits of neutering a dog early, but we are talking about the threats of arthritis and can't ignore it.
(E) It fails to consider the possibility that dogs with properly developed bones can develop arthritis.
This is possible that the dogs with properly developed bones can develop arthritis, but we need to talk about neutered dogs and not all the dogs.
IMO C
