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Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
73% (01:42) correct
27%
(01:58)
wrong
based on 222
sessions
History
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Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
In 1988, 50 people with emotional disturbances underwent hypnosis to be cured of their mood swings. A follow-up survey in 1993 revealed that five had fairly stable emotional conditions at the time of the survey. These five subjects can therefore serve as models of the types of people for whom hypnosis is likely to be successful.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the suitability of those five subjects as models in the sense described?
(A) The five subjects have very different personalities and backgrounds.
(B) Since 1988, the five subjects have experienced dramatic mood swings interspersed with periods of relative stability.
(C) Those people who were still suffering from unstable emotional conditions at the time of the 1993 survey had shown no improvement since 1988.
(D) Many psychologists are less concerned about a patient's mood swings than about the patient's willingness to express his or her problems and fears.
(E) The emotional condition of most of the 45 subjects who were still unstable at the time of the 1993 survey had actually worsened since 1988.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the suitability of those five subjects as models in the sense described?
(A) The five subjects have very different personalities and backgrounds.
(B) Since 1988, the five subjects have experienced dramatic mood swings interspersed with periods of relative stability.
(C) Those people who were still suffering from unstable emotional conditions at the time of the 1993 survey had shown no improvement since 1988.
(D) Many psychologists are less concerned about a patient's mood swings than about the patient's willingness to express his or her problems and fears.
(E) The emotional condition of most of the 45 subjects who were still unstable at the time of the 1993 survey had actually worsened since 1988.
09 Feb 2022, 12:55
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A) The five subjects have very different personalities and backgrounds.
Irrelevant
(B) Since 1988, the five subjects have experienced dramatic mood swings interspersed with periods of relative stability.
Most likely the survey was carried out during one of their relatively stable periods.KEEP
(C) Those people who were still suffering from unstable emotional conditions at the time of the 1993 survey had shown no improvement since 1988.
Out of scope..Question is about 5 people who felt better.
(D) Many psychologists are less concerned about a patient's mood swings than about the patient's willingness to express his or her problems and fears.
Out of scope.
(E) The emotional condition of most of the 45 subjects who were still unstable at the time of the 1993 survey had actually worsened since 1988.
Out of scope.Question is not about 45 people
Irrelevant
(B) Since 1988, the five subjects have experienced dramatic mood swings interspersed with periods of relative stability.
Most likely the survey was carried out during one of their relatively stable periods.KEEP
(C) Those people who were still suffering from unstable emotional conditions at the time of the 1993 survey had shown no improvement since 1988.
Out of scope..Question is about 5 people who felt better.
(D) Many psychologists are less concerned about a patient's mood swings than about the patient's willingness to express his or her problems and fears.
Out of scope.
(E) The emotional condition of most of the 45 subjects who were still unstable at the time of the 1993 survey had actually worsened since 1988.
Out of scope.Question is not about 45 people
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OFFICIAL KAPLAN EXPLANATION
Step 1: Identify the Question Type
The question asks for something that "casts the most doubt" on a view, making this a Weaken question.
Step 2: Untangle the Stimulus
The author provides evidence about five people. They were among a group of 50 who were provided hypnosis in order to treat mood swings. The author concludes (as suggested in the question stem) that these five people serve to show how successful hypnosis can be, based on evidence that their moods were stable when surveyed five years later.
Step 3: Predict the Answer
Note that the subjects display stable emotions "at the time of the survey." The author assumes their state of mind during the survey is representative of their state of mind in general. To weaken this argument, show how this assumption is mistaken. Perhaps the survey was done at an opportune time, but these people still have mood swings at other times (which, after all, is the very essence of how mood swings work). That would counter the suggestion that hypnosis helped them.
Step 4: Evaluate the Choices
(B) matches the prediction and is correct. This suggests the subjects have moments of stability, which would explain their behavior during the survey. However, they still have dramatic mood swings, so the hypnosis was not effective.
(A) does not weaken the claim. The author presented the people as models of different "types of people" who can be helped, not as a single model of a single personality type, so they needn't be similar.
(C) and (E) do not weaken the claim. The author is not suggesting that hypnosis helps everyone, just that it helped the five people in question. The other 45 people are irrelevant.
(D) is irrelevant, as the concern of many psychologists has no effect on how hypnosis could have helped with the mood swings.
TAKEAWAY: When a survey is conducted, consider representative issues. Make sure the conditions are representative of conditions in general.
Step 1: Identify the Question Type
The question asks for something that "casts the most doubt" on a view, making this a Weaken question.
Step 2: Untangle the Stimulus
The author provides evidence about five people. They were among a group of 50 who were provided hypnosis in order to treat mood swings. The author concludes (as suggested in the question stem) that these five people serve to show how successful hypnosis can be, based on evidence that their moods were stable when surveyed five years later.
Step 3: Predict the Answer
Note that the subjects display stable emotions "at the time of the survey." The author assumes their state of mind during the survey is representative of their state of mind in general. To weaken this argument, show how this assumption is mistaken. Perhaps the survey was done at an opportune time, but these people still have mood swings at other times (which, after all, is the very essence of how mood swings work). That would counter the suggestion that hypnosis helped them.
Step 4: Evaluate the Choices
(B) matches the prediction and is correct. This suggests the subjects have moments of stability, which would explain their behavior during the survey. However, they still have dramatic mood swings, so the hypnosis was not effective.
(A) does not weaken the claim. The author presented the people as models of different "types of people" who can be helped, not as a single model of a single personality type, so they needn't be similar.
(C) and (E) do not weaken the claim. The author is not suggesting that hypnosis helps everyone, just that it helped the five people in question. The other 45 people are irrelevant.
(D) is irrelevant, as the concern of many psychologists has no effect on how hypnosis could have helped with the mood swings.
TAKEAWAY: When a survey is conducted, consider representative issues. Make sure the conditions are representative of conditions in general.
