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66% (01:48) correct
34%
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If we reduce the rate of income taxation, people will spend a larger portion of their gross incomes on consumer goods.This will stimulate economic growth and result in higher salaries and thus in higher government revenues, despite a lower rate of taxation.
Which one of the following arguments most closely resembles the reasoning in the statements above?
A) If we reduce the amount of overtime our employees work, production costs will decline and our total income will thus increase.
B) If we make it harder to participate in the school lunch program, people will have to pay for more of their food and the farm income will therefore increase.
C) If a movie is classified as obscene, more people will want to see it and the morals of the general community will be corrupted more than they would be otherwise.
D) If we give our employees more paid holidays, their efficiency while actually on the job will improve and our total productivity will thus increase.
E) If we give our children more spending money, they will learn to manage their finances better and will thereby realize the virtue of thrift.
Which one of the following arguments most closely resembles the reasoning in the statements above?
A) If we reduce the amount of overtime our employees work, production costs will decline and our total income will thus increase.
B) If we make it harder to participate in the school lunch program, people will have to pay for more of their food and the farm income will therefore increase.
C) If a movie is classified as obscene, more people will want to see it and the morals of the general community will be corrupted more than they would be otherwise.
D) If we give our employees more paid holidays, their efficiency while actually on the job will improve and our total productivity will thus increase.
E) If we give our children more spending money, they will learn to manage their finances better and will thereby realize the virtue of thrift.
26 Dec 2024, 05:06
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Let’s analyze the original argument and then evaluate the answer choices to identify which one most closely resembles the reasoning.
Original Argument:
1. Policy Action: Reduce the rate of income taxation.
2. Initial Effect: People spend a larger portion of their gross incomes on consumer goods.
3. Secondary Effects:
• Stimulates economic growth.
• Results in higher salaries.
4. Conclusion: Higher government revenues despite a lower rate of taxation.
Key Features of the Argument:
• Cause and Effect Chain: The policy action leads to a series of effects that ultimately support the conclusion.
• Counterintuitive Outcome: Despite lowering taxes (which might initially suggest lower revenue), the subsequent economic growth leads to higher overall revenues.
Evaluating the Answer Choices:
A) If we reduce the amount of overtime our employees work, production costs will decline and our total income will thus increase.
• Policy Action: Reduce overtime.
• Initial Effect: Decline in production costs.
• Secondary Effect: Increase in total income.
• Similarity: This mirrors the original argument’s structure where an initial action leads to a beneficial chain of effects resulting in an improved outcome.
B) If we make it harder to participate in the school lunch program, people will have to pay for more of their food and the farm income will therefore increase.
• Policy Action: Make participation harder.
• Effect: Increased personal payments for food.
• Secondary Effect: Increased farm income.
• Difference: The connection between making participation harder and the overall conclusion is less direct and doesn’t involve a similar chain of beneficial outcomes.
C) If a movie is classified as obscene, more people will want to see it and the morals of the general community will be corrupted more than they would otherwise.
• Policy Action: Classify a movie as obscene.
• Effect: More people want to see it.
• Secondary Effect: Corruption of community morals.
• Difference: This presents a negative outcome rather than a beneficial one, differing from the original argument.
D) If we give our employees more paid holidays, their efficiency while actually on the job will improve and our total productivity will thus increase.
• Policy Action: Give more paid holidays.
• Effect: Improved efficiency.
• Secondary Effect: Increased productivity.
• Similarity: Similar structure to the original argument with an initial action leading to beneficial outcomes, but focuses on internal productivity rather than a broader economic impact.
E) If we give our children more spending money, they will learn to manage their finances better and will thereby realize the virtue of thrift.
• Policy Action: Give children more spending money.
• Effect: Better financial management skills.
• Secondary Effect: Realization of the virtue of thrift.
• Difference: Focuses on personal development rather than an economic or organizational outcome.
Conclusion:
Option A closely mirrors the structure and reasoning of the original argument. Both involve an initial policy change that leads to a series of beneficial effects, ultimately supporting the desired conclusion despite an initial change that might seem counterintuitive.
Answer:
A) If we reduce the amount of overtime our employees work, production costs will decline and our total income will thus increase.
Original Argument:
1. Policy Action: Reduce the rate of income taxation.
2. Initial Effect: People spend a larger portion of their gross incomes on consumer goods.
3. Secondary Effects:
• Stimulates economic growth.
• Results in higher salaries.
4. Conclusion: Higher government revenues despite a lower rate of taxation.
Key Features of the Argument:
• Cause and Effect Chain: The policy action leads to a series of effects that ultimately support the conclusion.
• Counterintuitive Outcome: Despite lowering taxes (which might initially suggest lower revenue), the subsequent economic growth leads to higher overall revenues.
Evaluating the Answer Choices:
A) If we reduce the amount of overtime our employees work, production costs will decline and our total income will thus increase.
• Policy Action: Reduce overtime.
• Initial Effect: Decline in production costs.
• Secondary Effect: Increase in total income.
• Similarity: This mirrors the original argument’s structure where an initial action leads to a beneficial chain of effects resulting in an improved outcome.
B) If we make it harder to participate in the school lunch program, people will have to pay for more of their food and the farm income will therefore increase.
• Policy Action: Make participation harder.
• Effect: Increased personal payments for food.
• Secondary Effect: Increased farm income.
• Difference: The connection between making participation harder and the overall conclusion is less direct and doesn’t involve a similar chain of beneficial outcomes.
C) If a movie is classified as obscene, more people will want to see it and the morals of the general community will be corrupted more than they would otherwise.
• Policy Action: Classify a movie as obscene.
• Effect: More people want to see it.
• Secondary Effect: Corruption of community morals.
• Difference: This presents a negative outcome rather than a beneficial one, differing from the original argument.
D) If we give our employees more paid holidays, their efficiency while actually on the job will improve and our total productivity will thus increase.
• Policy Action: Give more paid holidays.
• Effect: Improved efficiency.
• Secondary Effect: Increased productivity.
• Similarity: Similar structure to the original argument with an initial action leading to beneficial outcomes, but focuses on internal productivity rather than a broader economic impact.
E) If we give our children more spending money, they will learn to manage their finances better and will thereby realize the virtue of thrift.
• Policy Action: Give children more spending money.
• Effect: Better financial management skills.
• Secondary Effect: Realization of the virtue of thrift.
• Difference: Focuses on personal development rather than an economic or organizational outcome.
Conclusion:
Option A closely mirrors the structure and reasoning of the original argument. Both involve an initial policy change that leads to a series of beneficial effects, ultimately supporting the desired conclusion despite an initial change that might seem counterintuitive.
Answer:
A) If we reduce the amount of overtime our employees work, production costs will decline and our total income will thus increase.
