Best answer: (A)
Identify the conclusion and the premise(s):
Premise: Death is the way of nature.
Premise: Anthropologists and sociologists tell us that historically, the average human lifespan around the world was about 30 years, and most of this time being long before humans developed industrial infrastructures.
Premise: This natural cycle is ignored by those who wish to trace the blame for many more recent deaths of younger people to their exclusion from industrial abundance and its nutritional and medical benefits.
Conclusion: These people have to understand that young deaths would have happened even absent industrial development.
Explanations:
Identify question type and give some tips:
This seems like an argument few would be willing to defend, which may be part of what makes it harder to strengthen. Nevertheless, a case can be made (even if one disagrees with it). It needs to be clarified that these people who are dying young are the same people who would have done so absent industrial development
Scan each answer choice eliminating progressively each “wrong” answer to finish with the “best” answer:
(A) is the correct answer, since this clearly delineates the fact that the deaths of these younger people who were excluded from industrial development may not be because of industrial development, implying that the latter is not responsible for these deaths. (B) might seem to come close but it does not answer the question of “blame”: does industry have a responsibility to prevent such deaths or is it culpable for such deaths? (C) tends to weaken the argument, implying that there is some moral blame for allowing people to be excluded. (D) is either neutral or weakens the argument, since our intuition is that they should participate in some of the fruits of their work. (E) might strengthen the conclusion more if we knew that industrial development could prolong some people’s lives yet no one had a “right” to such prolongation.